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THORAX & ABDOMEN

THORAX & ABDOMEN. ANATOMY. THORAX Ribs: 1-7 true ribs, 8-10 false ribs, 11 & 12 floating ribs Costal Cartilage Sternum Main function: protection of organs, and assist the lungs in the breathing process. ANATOMY. THORAX Intercostals Muscles

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THORAX & ABDOMEN

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  1. THORAX & ABDOMEN

  2. ANATOMY • THORAX • Ribs: 1-7 true ribs, 8-10 false ribs, 11 & 12 floating ribs • Costal Cartilage • Sternum • Main function: protection of organs, and assist the lungs in the breathing process

  3. ANATOMY • THORAX • Intercostals Muscles • External & Internal: External elevate the diaphragm during inspiration, internal depress the rib cage to assist with expiration.

  4. ANATOMY • THORAX • Circulatory Sys • Respiratory Sys

  5. ANATOMY • THORAX • Heart: Lies under sternum, slightly to the left, between the lungs, and anterior of the vertebral column. It extends from the 1st rib to the space between the 5th & 6th ribs. • Main pumping mechanism to circulate blood throughout the body. • 4 chambers of the heart • Lungs: Are elastic and expand and constrict in response to contraction of the diaphragm muscle.

  6. ANATOMY • ABDOMEN • Abdominal muscles • Rectus abdominis: trunk flexor, attached to rib cage and pubis, divided into 3 segments by transverse tendinous inscriptions, divided longitudinally by the linea alba. • External oblique: Flexion, rotation, lat. Flexion, and compression. Originates on lower 8th ribs and attaches on the anterior 2/3rds of the ilium. • Internal oblique: Flexion, lat. Flexion, rotation. Originates on iliac crest and attaches to the cartilages of the 10-12th ribs. • Transverse abdominis: Holds abdominal contents in place, and aids in forced expiration.

  7. ANATOMY • ABDOMINAL VISCERA • Urinary Sys • Kidneys: bean shaped, located on each side of the spine approximately in the center of the back. Main function is to filter metabolic wastes from the blood. • Digestive Organs • Stomach: Located in the upper left quadrant. Functions to store and mix food. Some digestion and absorption occurs. • Small intestine: Connects to stomach. 3 portions, approximately 20 ft in length. • Large Intestines: 3 divisions, approx. 6 ½ ft in length. • Liver: Largest internal organ, located in the upper right quadrant

  8. ANATOMY • ABDOMINAL VISCERA • Lymphatic Sys • Spleen: Largest lymphatic organ, serves as a reservoir for red blood cells, regulate number of blood cells, produces lymphocytes • Reproductive Organs – male/female

  9. Injuries • Rib Contusion / Fracture • Etiology: direct blow, ribs 5-9 most commonly fractured • Signs & Symptoms: sharp pain while breathing, pt. tenderness, increased pain with compression • Management: RICE, NSAIDs

  10. Injuries • Costochondral Separation / Dislocation • Etiology: Higher incidence than fractures, direct blow, sudden twist • Signs & Symptoms: Pt tenderness, swelling, pain with deep breathing, possible deformity. • Management: RICE, NSAIDs, 1-2 months of healing time

  11. Injuries • Injuries to the Heart • Contusion • Etiology: Heart is compressed between the spine and sternum by an outside force, possible rupture of aorta • Signs & Symptoms: Arrhythmias create decrease in cardiac output, heart pain, shock. • Management: Medical emergency, be prepared to administer CPR & treat for shock

  12. Injuries • Injuries to the Lungs • Pneumothorax: pleural cavity is filled with air • Hemothorax: presence of blood within the pleural cavity • Traumatic Asphyxia: violent blow causing breathing to stop

  13. Injuries • Sudden death syndrome • 1 in 280,000 men under 30 experience sudden death each year. Most common causes of exercise induced death are Marfan’s syndrome, hypertrophic cardiopmyopathy, and an anomalous origin of the coronary artery.

  14. Injuries • Kidney injuries • Kidney contusion • Etiology: Direst blow to the back • Signs & Symptoms: May display signs of shock, vomiting, nausea, rigid back muscles, and hematuria. Referred pain may radiate forward into trunk and into abdominal region • Management: Gradual fluid increase, hospital observation, 2 weeks of bed rest.

  15. Injuries • Appendicitis • Etiology: Chronic or acute, most common in males ages 15-25 • Signs & Symptoms: Mild to severe pain in the lower abdomen, possible nausea, vomiting, low-grade fever. • Management: Possible medical emergency, surgery is necessary. • May exhibit localized pain, with rigidity and tenderness in the lower right side at McBurney’s point

  16. Injuries • Spleen • Located in upper left quadrant • Etiology: Blow to the area • Signs & Symptoms: Shock and low BP • Kehr’s Sign – referred pain to L shoulder • Management: EMS

  17. Injuries • Injuries to reproductive organs • Etiology: • Signs & Symptoms: • Management:

  18. Injuries • Hernia • Etiology: • Signs & Symptoms: • Management:

  19. Injuries • Blow to solar plexus • Etiology: Blow to the pit of the stomach • Signs & Symptoms: gasping breaths • Management: Reassure athlete – have them breath with you. • Be prepared for mouth to mouth

  20. Injuries • Stitch in side • Etiology: Many different causes, mainly being out of shape and a lack of oxygen • Signs & Symptoms: Pain in side • Management: Stretch and rest.

  21. Referred Pain

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