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Organizing Animal Phyla

Organizing Animal Phyla. Turn in the ocean acidification reading assignment, and locate your mollusk notes outline. Mollusk quiz. 15 minutes MAX!. TEST: TUESDAY 4.27. TOPICS: Annelids Arthropods Dichotomous keys Mollusks Echinodermata * “Big 9” Phyla*. Simple Invertebrates.

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Organizing Animal Phyla

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  1. Organizing Animal Phyla Turn in the ocean acidification reading assignment, and locate your mollusk notes outline

  2. Mollusk quiz • 15 minutes MAX!

  3. TEST: TUESDAY 4.27 • TOPICS: • Annelids • Arthropods • Dichotomous keys • Mollusks • Echinodermata* • “Big 9” Phyla*

  4. Simple Invertebrates • Some time ago, we studied the simple invertebrates: • These animals all lack respiratory or circulatory organs, which is why we describe them as “simple.”

  5. Complex Invertebrates • Lately, we have studied invertebrate animals that have circulatory systems, respiratory systems, or both:

  6. Two Phyla Left • Phylum Echinodermata includes the starfish, and is our next topic. • Phylum Cordata includes everything with a backbone, and will be a separate unit. It includes • Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Fish, Amphibians

  7. A quick introduction to the Echinodermata • Includes starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars, and others. • Name means “spiny skin” • Important to marine ecosystems (only major phylum which includes NO species that live on land or in fresh water)

  8. Some Key Characteristics • Calcitic, mesodermal endoskeleton. (translation: Many tiny calcium-based bones in their skin) • Pentaradial symmetry. • Water-based vascular system

  9. Organizing the Phyla • Kingdom Animalia can be divided into several Subkingdoms or Superphyla – cladistic groups between a kingdom and a phylum • Kingdom>Subkingdom>Superphylum>Phylum>Subphylum>Superclass>Class… etc. etc.

  10. Subkingdoms Metazoa and Parazoa • The subkingdom Metazoa (“upper animals”)includes all animals that have tissues that carry out different functions. • The subkingdom Parazoa (“beside the animals”) includes Phylum Porifora and a few other minor phyla (remember – we’re only looking at the “big 9” animal phyla)

  11. SuperphylaRadiata and Bilatera • The subkingdom metazoa is further divided into 2 superphyla: Radiata and Bilaterata, based on body symmetry. • Echinoderms are in superphylumbilaterata even though they are pentaradial • Evolved from bilaterans • Have bilateral larval stage

  12. ProtostomesvsDeuterostomes • Protostomes and deuterostomes are two groups of animals (superphyla to be specific) organized by the following: • Protostomes have ventral nerve cords, Deuterostomeshave dorsal nerve cords • Embryological development is different:

  13. Word Meanings • Protostome: “first mouth” • Deuterostome: “second mouth”

  14. The big ideas • Phylum echinodermata includes starfish and other organisms that are very distinct from other invertebrates • Subkingdoms Parazoa vs. Metazoa • SuperphylaRadiata vs. Bilaterata • SuperphylaProtostomata vs. Deuterostomata • Enchinoderms are more closely related to chordates than any other invertebrates.

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