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Phyla Review

Phyla Review. Phylum Porifera. Sessile Spongeocoel Pores in body osculum. Double whoa!!. Phylum cnidarians. Whoa!!. http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp32/32020.html. Jellyfish, hydra, sea anemone, & coral Polyp and medusa. mouth. tentacles. sensory cell. discharged

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Phyla Review

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  1. Phyla Review

  2. PhylumPorifera • Sessile • Spongeocoel • Pores in body • osculum

  3. Double whoa!! Phylum cnidarians Whoa!! http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp32/32020.html Jellyfish, hydra, sea anemone, & coral Polyp and medusa

  4. mouth tentacles sensory cell discharged nematocyst stingingcell undischarged nematocyst hydra trigger stinging cell with nematocyst Stinging cells of Cnidarians Nematocyst: a venomous cell unique to Cnidarians. Fires a structure & releases a toxin to capture & kill prey.

  5. Phylum Platyhelminthes • “FLAT WORMS” • Flukes, tapeworms

  6. Phylum Nematoda • Round Worms • Hook worms & pinworms • Eating undercooked meat

  7. Phylum Mollusca • Molluscs, clams, snails, octopus • Soft body with shell • 3 main parts • Muscular foot • Visceral mass • mantle

  8. Phylumannelida • Segmented Worms • Divided by septa • Earthworms & leeches • hermaphrodites

  9. Phylumarthropoda • Most successful and diverse phyla • Spiders, millipedes, crustaceans, & insects • Exoskeleton of chitin • 3 main parts • Abdomen • Thorax • head

  10. Arthropod groups Arachnids 8 legs, 2 body parts spiders, ticks, scorpions Crustaceans 3 or more pairs of legs gills, 2 pairs antennae crab, lobster, barnacles, shrimp Insects 6 legs, 3 body parts

  11. Phylumechinoderms • Starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, & sand dollars • Arms of 5 • Spiny endoskeleton

  12. Vertebrate diversity • Class Agnatha • Class Chondrichthyes • Class Osteichthyes • Class Amphibia • Class Reptilia • Class Aves • Class Mammalia • Kingdom: Animalia • Phylum: Chordata

  13. agnatha Jawless Fish Slinder body No paired fins Lays eggs Cartilage skeleton Lamprey eel & Hagfish

  14. Emergence of jaws Increase range for prey capture Increase size of prey Increased energy content of prey Jawed species increase in size

  15. chondrichthyes Skate Manta Ray • Sharks, skates, & rays • Cartilage skeleton • Well-developed jaws • Paired fins • Body Plan: • Tail-Propulsion • Dorsal Fin-stabilization • Oil stored in liver for buoyancy • lay eggs AND live birth

  16. osteichthyes gills body • Bony Fish • Skin covered by flat, bony scales • Gills with operculum (flap) • Swim bladder for buoyancy • Lay eggs

  17. gills Use Dissolved O2 in H20 for gas exchange Large, highly folded organ-> increase S.A

  18. Emergence of feet…tetrapods Four feet Except snakes Used for locomotion: crawling, walking, running, flying or swimming

  19. lung buccal cavity glottis closed Amphibia “two” lives (water and terrestrial) Frogs, toads, salamanders, caecilians Lay eggs (not hard shelled) Gas exchange via LUNGS, in mouth, & across skin (scaleless) Ectotherm “cold-blooded”

  20. leathery shell embryo amnion chorion allantois yolk sac reptilia Lizards, snakes, turtles, & crocodiles Scales made of keratin ectothermic Lay eggs (hard shelled) Lungs for breathing

  21. lung trachea anterior air sacs posterior air sacs aves • Characteristics • body structure • feathers & wings • thin, hollow bone;flight skeleton • bipedal • body function • very efficient lungs & air sacs • endotherms • reproduction • Lay eggs

  22. muscles contract diaphragm contracts Mammals mice, ferret elephants, batswhales, humans • Characteristics • body structure • hair • specialized teeth • Most have sweat glands • Mammary glands • body function • four-chambered heart • endothermic • reproduction • internal fertilization and development • nourishment through placenta • birth live young • mammary glands make milk

  23. Mammals • Sub-groups • MONOTREMES • egg-laying mammals • duckbilled platypus, echidna • MARSUPIALS • pouched mammals • short-lived placenta • koala, kangaroo, opossum • PLACENTAL • true placenta • shrews, bats, whales, humans

  24. Vertebrate quick check… Which vertebrates lay eggs with shells? Which vertebrates are covered with scales? What adaptations do birds have for flying? What kind of symmetry do all vertebrates have? Which vertebrates are ectothermic and which are endothermic Why must amphibians live near water? What reproductive adaptations made mammals very successful? What characteristics distinguish the 3 sub-groups of mammals?

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