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Bell Work-Vocab..

Learn about the functions and structures of the skeletal system, including support, protection, movement facilitation, storage, and hematopoiesis. Discover the different types of bones and their structures, as well as the formation and growth of bones. Explore the divisions of the skeleton, including the axial and appendicular skeletons, and study the bones of the skull, spine, and appendages.

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Bell Work-Vocab..

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  1. Bell Work-Vocab.. Define: Axial Appendicular

  2. The Skeletal System Structures and Functions

  3. FUNCTIONS • Support: Provides a framework for the body Support for soft tissues and a point of attachment for muscles

  4. Protection • From injury by skeleton • Ex: skull protects brain • vertebrae protects spinal cord • Rib cage protects heart & lungs • Pelvic bones protect reproductive organs

  5. Movement Facilitation • Bones serve as levers to which muscles are attached, • When muscles contract, movable joints acting as fulcrums cause movement

  6. Storage • Calcium & Phosphorus: essential for many homeostatic balances • Blood Cells: red marrow stores and produces RBC’s, some white blood cells, and platelets (hematopoiesis) • Energy: yellow marrow stores lipids for chemical energy

  7. Hematopoiesis • “heme” meaning “blood” • “poiesis” meaning “to make” • Done in the Red marrow.

  8. Types of Bones • Long Bones: ex: humerus • Short: ex: carpals • Flat: ex: frontal • Irregular: ex: vertebrae

  9. Structure of Long Bones • Diaphysis: bone shaft • Medullary Canal: hollow area inside bone, contains marrow • Epiphysis: ends of bone • Articular Cartilage: covers the epiphysis • Periosteum: fibrous covering, except at joints • Endosteum: thin membrane lines the medullary canal

  10. Spongy vs. Compact • Spongy: contains a network of needle like threads of bone tissue that is surrounded by marrow. This network is called “trabeculae” • Compact: outer layer, hard and dense, contains “osteons” (Haversian Systems) which are concentric circles of hard bone tissue

  11. Cartilage • Made up of cells called “ chondrocytes” • Lacks blood vessels, so nutrients must diffuse through the matrix of gel to reach the cells

  12. Bone Formation & Growth • In utero: skeletal tissue is made up of cartilage and fibrous material, so… • Baby’s bones are cartilage until calcification occurs,. • By birth, many of the long bones,skull bones, and bones of the hands and feet are calcified.

  13. “Remodeling” • Replacing of cartilage with calcified bone matrix. • Osteoblasts: bone forming cells that do the work of remodeling. • Osteoclasts: bone resorbing cells. • Combined action of these 2 cells allows the sculpting of bones .

  14. Divisions of Skeleton • Axial Skeleton: bones of the center or axis of the body: ex: Cranium, Spine, Thoracic bones, Hyoid Bone • There are a total of 80 Axial Skeletal Bones

  15. Divisions of Skeleton • Appendicular: Bones of the upper and lower extremities or appendages • Ex: Humerus, radius, ulna, carpals etc. Femur, Tibia, Fibula, tarsals etc. • There are a total of 126 appendicular bones

  16. Skull • Consists of: • Cranium: 8 bones • Face: 14 bones • Ear: 6 • Sutures: immovable joints in the skull

  17. Spine • Vertebral Column: series of vertebrae • 5 sections: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx • Cervical: 7 vertebrae, 1st cervical vertebrae is called the atlas, 2nd cervical vertebrae is called the axis. • Thoracic: 12 vertebrae • Lumbar: 5 vertebrae • Sacrum & Coccyx: 1 of each

  18. Appendicular Skeleton • Humerus Radius Ulna • Carpals Metacarpals Phlanges • Ilium Ishium Symphysis Pubis • Femur Patella Tibia • Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals • Phlanges

  19. Conclusion • Study Skeletal System…Know sections of long bones and label skeletal bones

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