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Chapter 5: Disease and Disease producing organisms

Chapter 5: Disease and Disease producing organisms. What is Disease?. Disease: Abnormality of structure or function of a part, organ, or system. Effects of a disease may be felt by a person or observed by others. What is health?. Not simply the absence of disease

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Chapter 5: Disease and Disease producing organisms

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  1. Chapter 5:Disease and Disease producing organisms

  2. What is Disease? • Disease: Abnormality of structure or function of a part, organ, or system. • Effects of a disease may be felt by a person or observed by others

  3. What is health? • Not simply the absence of disease • Living a well rounded, healthy lifestyle • Total picture: physical and mental health

  4. Terminology: • Idopathic: cause not known • Etiology: cause/origin • Iatrogenic: results from the adverse effects of treatment including drug treatment or surgery • Epidemic: many people within an area with the same disease • Pandemic: a disease prevalent throughout the whole world (Pan = world) • Example AIDS

  5. Terminology (cont.) • Communicable: a disease that can be transmitted from one person to another • Incidence: How frequently the disease occurs within a population and the tendency of a disease to affect one group over another

  6. Severity Levels • Acute: sudden and severe but usually short duration • Chronic: gradual onset, less severe, but lasts longer • Terminal: “end stage of disease”

  7. Categories of Disease: • Infection • Degenerative • Nutritional • Metabolic • Immune • Neoplasms • Psychiatric • Ex: strep throat • Ex: osteoarthritis • Ex: rickets • Ex: diabetes • Ex: AIDS • Ex: tumors/cancer • Ex: Depression

  8. Just a quick note on Cancer: • Types • Malignant (bad) • Benign (not so bad) • Immune surveillance: ability of immune system to find and destroy abnormal cells • Immunotherapy: stimulating immune system to treat cancer

  9. Predisposing Causes of Disease • Age • When we are younger and as we age our immune system is incapable of fighting disease • Gender • Men more susceptible to heart disease before age 45 • Heredity • Family history • Living conditions/habits • hygiene • Physical/chemical change • Preexisting illness • Weakened immune system • Emotional disturbance • Psychiatric disorder also stress can weaken immune system

  10. Treatment of disease: • Onset of disease • Symptoms/signs (s/s): conditions of the disease, noted by patient • What’s the difference between (b/t) a sign and a symptom? • Symptoms are conditions of disease noted by the patient • Signs are the evidence the physician or other healthcare professional can observe • Syndrome: characteristic group of symptoms that accompany a disease • Diagnosis – given by doctor • Prognosis: prediction of probable outcome • Treatment/therapy

  11. Types of treatment: • Conventional • Doctors • Medication • surgery • Alternative/Complementary • Naturopathy: helping people heal by developing healthy lifestyles • Chiropractic: correct misalignment for treatment(tx) of musculoskeletal disorders • Acupuncture: chinese method of inserting needles into pressure points to relieve pain or promote healing • Biofeedback: teaching people to control involuntary responses (heart rate,balance etc.) by means of electronic devices that provide feedback

  12. Herbal remedies • Different from homeopathic • Use of plant-derived remedies • Not regulated by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration)

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