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Fire Service Professionals

Welcome Fire Service Professionals. `. Fire Service Professionals. Facts On Fire. 3140 civilian fire deaths in residential occupancies, 80 in non-residential. 84% of all fire deaths occur in the home. 81% of fire deaths occur in single-family dwellings.

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Fire Service Professionals

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  1. Welcome Fire Service Professionals ` Fire Service Professionals

  2. Facts On Fire • 3140 civilian fire deaths in residential occupancies, 80 in non-residential. • 84% of all fire deaths occur in the home. • 81% of fire deaths occur in single-family dwellings. • 103 Firefighters died in the line of duty (this does not include the 343 who died in the WTC Terrorist attack. • The South has the highest fire death rate per-capita with 17.8 civilian deaths per million population compared to the average of 13.4. • Direct property loss annually to fire is estimated at $10.6 billion.

  3. U.S. Fire StatisticsSource NFPA Fire Journal Sept -Oct - 2005 • Over 1.55 Million Fires • More Than 3,900 Civilian Deaths • 17,785 Thousand Civilian Injuries • Over 8.3 Billion Dollars in Property Loss • Total Cost of Fire Exceeds 88 Billion Dollars

  4. Additional Fire Facts • Every 82 seconds fire occurs in a U.S. residence. • Every 31 minutes a civilian is injured by fire. • Eight out of ten fire deaths occur in the home.

  5. Fire Death and Injuries in One- & Two-family Dwellings* (Percentage of Residential) • Fire deaths: 83% • Fire injuries: 74% • Fire property damage: 83% • Fireground firefighter deaths: 70% *2004 NFPA

  6. More Fire Facts • Young children, older adults, and physically and • mentally challenged people face the highest risk of • injury or death in residential fires. • Too often, people fail to respond appropriately to • the sound of a smoke detector, because they • assume it is a false alarm. Rather that exiting the • building, they search to confirm the existence of a • fire, wasting the few precious minutes they may • have to escape.

  7. Fire sprinkler facts • Only the sprinkler closest to the fire will activate, spraying water directly on the fire. • Each sprinkler is individually activated by heat. • 90% of all home fires are contained with a single sprinkler. • The odds of accidental activation are 1 in 16 million.

  8. How does a home fire sprinklers’ discharge compare to a fire hose attack line discharge? • A residential low flow pendant sprinkler head delivers approximately 13 to 18 gallons per minute of water • A fire hose attack line delivers 200 gallons per minute (this does not include a backup line which would double the flow of water) Sprinkler systems represent a choice, a little water when the fire starts or a lot of water when the fire department arrives

  9. But what about Water Damage? • Average water usage for sprinklered home - 341 gallons • Average water usage for unsprinklered home 2935 gallons • Average repair costs for sprinklered home $2,166 dollars • Average repair costs for unsprinklered home $45,019 dollars • With both smoke detection and sprinklers, • death, injury by fire is reduced by 82% • Sprinklers also have a “green value”. Since less • water is applied to the fire, less contaminated • runoff is produced, additionally water mains are • not disturbed creating water clarity issues.

  10. Consideration of Home Fire Sprinkler System Installation • Respondents indicating they thought home fire sprinkler systems were either very effective or somewhat effective were asked if they would consider installing a sprinkler system if they were building a new home. Reasons for Not Considering No, Would Not Consider 32% Yes, Would Consider 64% Too Expensive Water Damage/ Accidental Release Not Needed/ Fire Unlikely Alarms Adequate All Others Don’t Know Don’t Know 5% Base: 146 Base: 457

  11. Degree of Trust Concerning Informationabout Home Fire Sprinkler Systems • Respondents were asked how much they would trust the following individuals or organization to give them reliable information about home fire sprinkler systems. • Firefighters garnered far and away the greatest amount of trust. A lot Somewhat A little Not at all Fire fighter Friend/ Relative Home Builder Realtor Home Building Media Building Supply Store Base: 500

  12. It is time to realize that firefighting involves fighting time, not fire. 2 minutes 4 minutes. 7 minutes. The standard time-temperature curve shows that temperatures can reach over 1,000°F in five minutes and flashover can begin as early as 7½ minutes after ignition.

  13. How does time affect the Fire Department’s ability to deliver service?

  14. Home Fire Sprinklers and Firefighter Safety

  15. Firefighter Injuries / Deaths by Occupancy • More injuries to firefighters occur in one and two family dwellings than any other occupancy • 44% of all Line of Duty deaths occur in one and two family dwellings • One and two family dwellings are a greater danger to firefighters than all other occupancies combined

  16. Effects of Injury / Death • The costs to the community to rehabilitate a firefighter from injuries sustained in the line of duty are 10 times greater than that of a death • This does not factor in the emotional issues to the family, friends, loved ones and fire department

  17. But what about Smoke Detectors? • Smoke detectors have a 10 year life expectancy • It is stated that there are more non functioning / aged out smoke detectors in homes than there are homes without any smoke detectors. • When is the last time you personally checked your smoke detectors and what is the age of your device(s)?

  18. But what about Smoke Detectors (cont.) • Smoke detection is a “passive” device that only warns of impending danger • Dependent on the type of fire and the specific smoke detection device, response to the condition could provide little time to initiate escape

  19. How well does smoke detectors work? • From 1989 to 1999, a fatality occurred in 1 of every 5 residential fires with working smoke detectors • From 1999 to 2001, a fatality occurred in 1 of every 3 residential fires with working smoke detectors

  20. How well does smoke detection work (cont.) • Only 58% of children ages 6 to 12 was awakened by the sound of a smoke detector activation • Of this 58%, only 38% of those awakened successfully evacuated the residence

  21. What about Residential Sprinklers? • The purpose is to prevent Flashover, control / contain the fire, but will often extinguish same • Keeps smoke, heat and products of combustion at a survivable level for occupant egress • Temp. at eye level 200 degrees • Temp. at ceiling level 500 degrees • Maximum CO level 1500 ppm

  22. How does NFPA 13 systems compare with NFPA 13 D systems?

  23. NFPA 13 Systems • NFPA 13 systems are designed for commercial occupancies • The average sprinkler head (SSP, SSU) discharges 25 to 35 gallons per minute. • Sprinkler heads are located “everywhere” – attics, basements, crawl spaces, closets and concealed spaces • Systems are designed for the flow of multiple heads (12-15 on average) • Required FDC and hydrostatic test of 200 psi • Designed primarily for property conservation • Life safety is a byproduct of the system

  24. NFPA 13D systems • Are designed for 1 and 2 family dwellings • The average sprinkler head discharges 13 to 18 gallons per minute • Required Sprinkler heads are located in paths of function / egress only – bedrooms, hallways, kitchens, dining rooms and laundry rooms - none in attics, crawl spaces - closets (size dependent, does not exceed 24 square ft. & least dimension does not exceed 3 ft.) or bathrooms (size dependent, 55 square ft. or less ) • This coverage provides fire protection from 83% of all areas fire originates – (Living room 41%, Bedroom 27%, Kitchen 15%) • Systems are designed for the flow of 1 to 2 sprinkler heads – (typical k-factor 4.5 to 4.9). This represents a density of .05 gpm per square foot • Typically, no required FDC and hydrostatic test done at normal system operating pressures • Designed primarily for life safety only but will contain or frequently extinguish the fire

  25. How are Residential Sprinklers Different ? • Respond Approx. 5 Times Faster • Less Water Needed • Different Water Application • Lower Cost to Install • More Aesthetically Pleasing

  26. Standard SpraySprinkler High Wall Wetting Capability Residential Sprinkler

  27. 30” 36” High Wall Wetting Capability Standard SpraySprinkler Residential Sprinkler

  28. Sprinkler Activations Per Fire 365 326 32 7

  29. What do Residential Sprinklers Cost ? Average cost of 1% - 1.5% of new construction THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 1 1 ONE 1 1 ONE DOLLAR

  30. NFPA 13D Sprinkler system costs • Typical cost for new construction in a single family home with a good municipal water supply – between $.50 and $2.00 per square foot • Auxiliary water supply is not needed due the domestic water supplying the sprinkler system** • With the sprinkler system supplying the cold water distribution, additional cost is negligible** • ** multi-purpose system (sprinkler system is designed with a 5 gpm background demand for domestic water use)

  31. What if I am on a Well? • While a municipal water supply is the best water supply source, a stored water source is also permitted. A 10 minute water supply is needed for a 2 head activation (generally 300 to 400 gals.) The addition of a storage tank and pump assembly adds approximately $1,500 to 2,000 to the system cost.

  32. Typical connection to municipal water 1” feed or greater

  33. Additional Bonuses for Multi- Purpose systems • Sprinkler system cannot be shut off independent of the domestic water use • With domestic water service being supplied by sprinkler system, the chance of system freezing is greatly reduced • With the domestic system supplying the sprinklers, additional swing check or backflow prevention valves are not necessary. This gives addition pressure and volume to the sprinklers and saves money on the installation of the system

  34. Typical Layout of an NFPA 13D Compliant multi-purpose home fire sprinkler system Cold water domestic feed Sprinkler Heads

  35. Point of attachment of sprinkler system to domestic water entry To sprinkler system loop and all cold water domestic uses To water heater Feed from water meter

  36. Manifold assembly – point of attachment of cold water domestic supply Cold water feed off sprinkler loop providing supply to water closet, shower and sink

  37. How Are We Going to Reduce Costs? Reduce the number of sprinklers in the design to two(We know over 90% of the time only two go off, so only design for two) This results in less water required This results in less pressure required to push it This results in smaller (less expensive) pipe

  38. How Else Are We Going to Reduce Costs? • Reduce the cost of materials and installation • Lower schedules of steel pipe • CPVC or PEX plastic pipe • Use non listed components where not critical to life safety • Tanks pumps, hangers, waterflow detection devices & waterflow valves

  39. How Else Are We Going to Reduce Costs? • Omit sprinklers in certain locations • Areas not critical to life safety • How do we know where to omit them? • We need to know, not just where fires start, but where fires start that KILL people

  40. Where Fires Start That KILL People in 1 & 2 Family Dwellings & Mfg. Housing • Living Room 41% • Bedroom 25.6% • Kitchen 15% • Storage Area 4% • Heating Equipment Room 3% • Structural Area 2% • Other Areas 8%

  41. Here’s What’s At the Bottom of the List(other) Sprinklers shall be installed in all areas Except: • Bathrooms less than 55 ft.2 • Clothes closets, linen closets and pantries less than 24 ft.2 least dimension 3 ft. • Garages, carports & open attached porches • Attics, crawl spaces and concealed spaces • Entrance foyers(if a second exit is provided)

  42. How Else Are We Going to Reduce Costs? • Reduce the water supply requirements • We’ve already reduced the number of heads in our design to two • Lower the flow requirements from .10 to .05gpm/ft2 • Lower the duration requirement to 10 minutes (7 mins. if it is a single story home < 2000 ft.2)

  43. How Else Are We Going to Reduce Costs? Regardless of what we do with the water supply, SPRINKLER SYSTEMS ARE ALWAYS DESIGNED TO MEET THE ABILITIES OF THE WATER SUPPLY, NOT VICE VERSA

  44. Improve Aesthetics • Make them smaller • Make them concealed, recessed • Offer them in various colors / shades

  45. To These From this

  46. Within this project firefighters and homeowners learn about sprinklers.

  47. Homes with 13D SprinklersChief Dan Jones – Chapel Hill FD

  48. Habitat Home – Southern Pines

  49. Lee Home - Mocksville

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