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Laboratory Procedures. Fume Hood. Located between lab and prep room Prevents harmful fumes from entering lab May be used for demonstrations Often used by teacher when diluting or disposing of chemicals Open to outside at all times, fan can be turned on for more airflow. Spill Control.
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Laboratory Procedures Chemistry
Fume Hood • Located between lab and prep room • Prevents harmful fumes from entering lab • May be used for demonstrations • Often used by teacher when diluting or disposing of chemicals • Open to outside at all times, fan can be turned on for more airflow Chemistry
Spill Control • If you spill on yourself, rinse with water immediately! • If you spill on the lab bench or the floor, dilute with water if practical before cleaning up. • Then use one of the following spill control products, all located under the goggle cabinet Chemistry
Spill Control • Spill control pillows: • Use for any spill • Place pillow on spill and wipe as needed • Sand • Use for any spill • Mainly for containment – keeps spill from spreading Chemistry
Spill Control • Absorbent material • Use for any spill • Very absorbent • Especially useful for flammable liquids • Ethanol, acetone, etc. • Acid neutralizer • Use for acid spills • It may foam Chemistry
Safety Shower • Located next to fume hood • Used for chemical spills over large areas of the body. • To use: • Stand under shower • Remove effected clothing • Pull down on handle • Push up on bar to shut off Chemistry
Eye Wash Station • Located under safety shower • Used for chemicals splashed in eyes • To use: • Push lever to turn on • Put eyes in path of spray • Hold eyes open • Remove contact lenses • Stay for 10 minutes Chemistry
Fire extinguishers • Located by lab door • Pull hard on door to open • To use, remember PASS • Pull pin out • Aim at base of fire • Squeeze trigger • Sweep from side to side Chemistry
Fire blanket • Located near fire extinguisher • Use to cover a person who is on fire • If you are on fire, • Stop, drop, and roll • Someone will get the fire blanket and help you Chemistry
Fire alarm • Located in hallway • Use if there is a large or uncontrolled fire • Pull alarm and exit the building Chemistry
Gas Shut Off • Located near prep room • Used to turn off gas to entire lab • Turn handle so it is perpendicular to pipe to shut gas off Chemistry
Lab attire • Goggles and aprons are designed to protect you from chemical spills – wear them • Take care to keep your hair and clothing away from chemicals and bunsen burners • Be careful with open-toed shoes and shorts or short skirts Chemistry
Use common sense • When in lab, pay attention to what you are doing • Watch where you are going • Don’t push, shove, pinch, startle, or sneak up on anyone • Don’t crowd around chemical or weighing stations – everyone will get a turn Chemistry
Test tubes • Available in many sizes • Used for many tasks, including mixing and heating of substances Chemistry
Test tube brush • Used to clean test tubes • Different sizes are available – ask if you need a different one Chemistry
Test tube holder • Used to hold test tubes in your hand while heating them Chemistry
Utility clamp • Used to hold test tubes or flasks attached to a ring stand Chemistry
Test tube rack • Sets on table • Used to hold test tubes during an experiment Chemistry
Ring stands and rings • Variety of uses • Often used to support test tubes, beakers, or flasks being heated by a bunsen burner Chemistry
Graduated cylinders • Available in different sizes • Use the smallest one that will meet your needs for the best accuracy • If measuring a large amount you may need to refill as you measure Chemistry
Beakers • Used to hold chemicals • May be used for mixing or heating • Only used to measure approximate volumes Chemistry
Erlenmeyer flasks • Used to hold, mix, and heat chemicals • To mix, hold by the neck and swirl Chemistry
Florence flasks • Used to hold, mix, and heat chemicals • To mix, hold by the neck and swirl Chemistry
Beaker tongs • Used to move hot beakers Chemistry
Forceps • tweezers Chemistry
Squares • Wire mesh and ceramic • Used to support beakers and flasks being heated with a bunsen burner Chemistry
Scoopula • Used to scoop dry materials out of their bottles Chemistry
Evaporating dish • Used for heating Chemistry
Watch glasses • Curved circular pieces of glass • Often used to cover evaporating dishes while heating Chemistry
Collecting bottles • Variety of uses • Often used to collect displaced gases Chemistry
Crucible • Used for heating • Has a lid Chemistry
Clay triangle • Used to support crucibles being heated by a Bunsen burner Chemistry
Crucible tongs • Used to move hot crucibles or crucible lids Chemistry
Pneumatic trough • Used to hold large quantities of liquids (usually water) • Has an overflow prevention spout: make sure this is over the sink Chemistry
Wash bottle • Squeeze bottle • Often used for cleaning • Never touch the tip of a wash bottle to anything. • After you stop squeezing, the bottle sucks in air. • If there is a chemical on the tip of the bottle, it will suck that in too. Chemistry
Hot glassware • Looks the same as cool glassware • If you drop hot glassware, don’t catch it with your hands!! • I would rather clean up broken glass than treat you for burns Chemistry
Broken glassware • Sweep the pieces up with the broom • Put them in the glass disposal box Chemistry
Measuring solids • Use a balance • Place your weighing paper or other container on the balance. • Push the ZERO button. • Make sure the balance reads zero before you start putting the material on it. Chemistry
Measuring solids • Add a little at a time so you don’t go over the needed amount. • If you get too much, don’t put it back in the bottle. • Give it to someone else who needs it • Or put it in the trash or waste beaker Chemistry
Measuring liquids • Unless the directions say approximately, measure with a graduated cylinder. • Use the smallest graduated cylinder that will get the job done – this will be the most accurate. Chemistry
Measuring liquids • Read the graduated cylinder at eye level. • Don’t hold it up to your eyes. • Bring your eyes down to its level by squatting or bending over. Chemistry
Measuring liquids • Pour slowly so you don’t get too much • Be extra careful if you are using a funnel • If you get too much, don’t pour it back in the bottle. • Give it to someone else who needs it • Or pour it down the drain with lots of water • Or put it in the waste beaker Chemistry
The meniscus • Measure to the bottom of the meniscus Chemistry
Using droppers • Like wash bottles, make sure the dropper tip doesn’t touch anything. • After you stop squeezing, the dropper sucks in air. • If there is a chemical on the tip of the dropper, it will suck that in too. Chemistry
Cleaning labware • Squeeze in some soap (only if really dirty) • Use a test tube brush if needed • Ask for another brush if needed • Rinse at least three times with tap water (or until all soap is gone) • Rinse once with distilled water • Put on drying rack or in other designated location. Chemistry