OBJECTIVES

2. Feasibility Study for Development of Transport Pollution Control Plan for Karachi Metropolis (CDGK)

3. OBJECTIVES • Identification of Transport Sector Issues and Creation of Environmental Baseline Data for 26 traffic intersections • Assessment of Environmental impact of pollution generated by vehicular traffic • Recommendation of remedial measures and course of action to control pollution

4. SCOPE OF STUDY • Establish baseline on quality of air, water, soil, groundwater in the city (26 traffic intersections). • Assess the impact of pollution generated by operation of vehicular traffic on physical, living and social environment • Identification of the need to improve vehicle technology • Devise a mechanism to monitor performance of vehicles, their repair and maintenance and inspection systems

5. Sohrab Goth North Nazimabad Gulshan Chorangi Nazimabad Karimabad Liaqatabad #10 Tin Hatti Garden Road Drig Road Station Guru Mandir Gul Bai Mazar-e-Quaid Old Numaish Mauripur Road Tibbat Center FTC Empress Market Maulvi Musafir Khana Tower Ziauddin Road KPT Baloch colony By-Pass Teen Talwar Korangi Road Sunset Boulevard

6. DESIGNATED MONITORING SITES • Sohrab Goth • Karimabad • Liaqatabad #10 • Tin Hatti • Guru Mandir • Old Numaish • Garden Road / M.A. Jinnah Road Intersection • Tibet Centre • Maulvi Musafir Khana • Merewether Tower • Ziauddin Road / Chundrigar Road Intersection • Burns Road • Garden Road / Preedy Street Intersection • Empress Market • Metropole Hotel • Finance & Trade Centre • Teen Talwar • Sunset Boulevard / Gizri Road Intersection • Korangi Road / Baloch Colony Bypass Intersection • Drigh Road Station • Karachi Port Trust (KPT) • Mauripur Road • Gulbai Intersection • Nazimabad • North Nazimabad • Gulshan Chowrangi • SUPARCO Headquarters (Ref. pt.) • Inside Maritime Museum Compound on Karsaz/Ibrahim Rahamtulla Road (ref. pt.)

7. Corridors based on Traffic Flow Corridor 1. Merewether Tower  Mawlvi Musafir Khana Tibbet Center M.A. Jinnah Road/Garden Road Intersection  Old Numaish  Guru Mandir  Tin Hatti  Liaqatabad # 10  Karimabad  Sohrab Goth  Super Highway Corridor 2. Merewether Tower  Burns Road  Garden Road/Preedy Street Intersection  Empress Market  Finance & Trade Center  Sharae Faisal  Drigh Road  Malir  Landhi  National Highway Corridor 3. Merewether Tower Ziauddin Road and Chundrigar Road Intersection  Metropole Hotel  Finance & Trade Center  Sharae faisal  Drigh Road  Gulshan Chowrangi  Sohrab Goth Corridor 4. Merewether Tower  Teen Talwar  Sunset Boulevard  Korangi/Baloch Colony Intersection  Darul Uloom Road Korangi Industrial Area  Landhi Industrial Area  Port Qasim  Steel Mills  National Highway  Toll Plaza (Malir River Crossing)  Super Highway Corridor 5. Merewether Tower  Karachi Port Trust  Mauripur Road  Gul Bai Intersection Ghani Chowrangi  Nazimabad  North Nazimabad  Sohrab Goth

8. Corridors for Pollution Modeling

9. Level of Different Pollutants Along Each Corridor

10. Air Quality Level along Corridor-5

11. The weightage of the different pollutants increases in the following order

12. Ambient Air Quality Levels

13. 24 Hourly Average Levels of Pollutants at Major Road Intersections in Karachi

14. Trace & Toxic Metals in SPM, Soil & Water

15. Emissions from Different Traffic Modes

17. Different Fuel Share in Karachi

19. Average Blood Picture of Karachiites

20. Average Health Status • 30% people working or making their living near traffic congestion points have alteration in blood hemoglobin • 45% people working or making living around traffic congestion points have impaired hearing • 60% people working or making living around traffic congestion pointssuffer from nasal allergy

21. Cost of degradation of the road environment • Degradation of the environment affects the health of at least 30 percent or 300,000 persons, besides causing damages to buildings, structures and vegetation on the corridor of Impact (COI) • Air pollution at rate of $30 per person costs $9 million or Rs.540 million per year for the COI which is equivalent to over Rs.13.8 billion in terms of overall cost of air pollution which has been escalating by at least 10% each year during the past 10 years • Estimates indicate that remedial measures are urgently needed to arrest the losses, which now amount to about Rs.1.38 billion each year • 5% reduction in the combustion efficiency of the untuned engines consume additional fuel of 660 tons costing Rs.26 million per day • Social pollutionin smuggling of petroleum products as well as making substandard lubricant oil causes degradation of the environment in terms of inappropriate fuel admixtures

22. CONCLUSION • Lack of infrastructure facilities, • Majority of vehicles being not road-worthy, • Large sections of the roads being not vehicle worthy, • Standard of vehicle maintenance is poor, • Use of fuel-efficient technologies is limited • Existing government policies do not address efficient mass transit system or fuel efficiency and emissions issues. • There is urgent need to Improve fuel efficiency of the road transport vehicles • Perform emission related testing/tuning of vehicle operating road • Introduce a well managed Transportation Plan • Introduce new vehicles only if they are fuel efficient. • Set up Workshops for emission related tuning of all vehicles

23. Course of Action to Control Pollution • Formulation of Road & Vehicle Policies • Formulation of Traffic Management Plan • Design Monitoring Program to Oversee the Performance after Implementation of the Transportation Plan • Formulate a plan for establishment of Academy for training of Traffic Police Officials, Road Engineers, Transport Operators, Drivers and Mechanics • Formulate a plan for establishing a model workshop for vehicles tuning, emissions monitoring, fuel and lube oil testing facilities

24. Thank You

25. SHORT TERM ACTION PLAN • Formulate a Proposal for Establishment of Academy for training of Drivers and Mechanics, Road Engineers and Traffic Police on environmental health and safety issues • Incorporate environment related issues in control of vehicular emissions and propose a working mechanism for testing the fitness of vehicles against emission related standards • Design and identify technically best equipment and accessories necessary for Model Workshop to Check the Performance of Engines and Vehicles on Road and on Vehicular Emissions • Implement Proposed Action Plan for Control of Traffic Related Pollutionto be undertaken through a separate study which may form the Second Phase of the Project.

26. LONG-TERM ACTION PLAN • Environmental Management Program for Control of Traffic Related Pollution in Karachi • Development of GIS for coherent traffic management plan • Generate Inventory of vehicular emissions of various modes • Emission Modeling for estimation of traffic load and emergence of congestion points • Monitoring of the excessive surface ozone, Hydrocarbon from un-burnt fuel, black carbon, TSP specially the suspension of particles due to wear and tear of tyres etc. • A correlation of vehicular density, vehicular emissions and fuel consumption for various mode of vehicles operating on traffic corridors • Formulate a plan for vehicle counting at identified stations one for each corridor for collecting continuous vehicular traffic information

27. Ambient Air Quality Data (Maximum Values)

28. Ambient Air Quality Data (Maximum Values)