The Great Awakening

1. The Great Awakening Religious movement in the 1730s and 1740s. Preached ideas that went against Puritan beliefs and teachings. JONATHAN EDWARDS – one of the best known preachers of the time – his sermon, “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”, urged believers to develop a personal relationship with God. This movement revitalized American religion by adding emotion. The Abolitionist Movement began in response to the Great Awakening.

2. Benjamin Franklin • Inventor, Scientist, Founding Father • 1706 – 1790 • Published Poor Richard’s Almanack; sayings in his book helped shape the American character, such as “early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise. • Founded the first public library in the colonies, supported education; Post Master General for all the colonies • Scientist: Enlightenment: believed that through study and knowledge a person could improve his position in life • Member of the committee that wrote the Declaration of Independence • Created the Albany Plan of Union – the first attempt to unite the colonies during the French and Indian War • Considered to be the “first civilized American” • Invented the lightening rod, bifocal glasses, and the Franklin stove

3. William Penn • William Penn established a colony in North America as a refuge for Quakers. The land grant from the King was called “Pennsylvania” or Penn’s Woods. Supported toleration of the Native Americans, freedom of worship, welcomed immigrants, and did not require citizens to serve in the militia. • Believed that each person was equal and allowed them to elect their own government officials.

4. Explain the reasons for the development of representative government in Colonial America • Representative governments often develop to meet the political, economic, and social needs of the people who hold similar beliefs

5. Major Eras and Events in U.S. History – Colonial America • Exploration and Colonization • Establishment of the 13 colonies • Representative Democracy • Mercantilism • Religious Freedom

6. What are some reasons for European Exploration • Reasons for Exploration: • Religion • Wealth • Fame • National pride • Curiosity • Faster, cheaper trade routes to Asia

7. What are some reasons for European colonization of North America • Reasons for Colonization: • Religious freedom • Political freedom • Economic opportunity (mercantilism) • Social mobility • A better way of life

8. Political reasons for establishing the 13 English Colonies • Political Reasons for establishing the 13 English Colonies: • Political • Competition with Spain and France who already had many colonies in North America • Increase trade and markets for English exports (mercantilism) • Source of raw materials

9. Religious reasons for establishing the 13 English Colonies • Religious reasons for establishing the 13 English Colonies: • Seeking religious freedom • Freedom from persecution for religious beliefs

10. Social reasons for establishingthe 13 English Colonies: • Social reasons for establishing the 13 English Colonies: • Opportunity for adventure and a better way of life • England was overcrowded and settlers desired their own land

11. Reasons for Growth of Representative Government and Institutions During the Colonial Period • Distance from England created a need for colonists to make their own laws and keep peace and order • Colonists were accustomed to English traditions and structures (Parliament) • Most colonies were self-governing, electing members of their community to a general assembly, which made their laws

12. How did Religion and Virtue Contribute to the Growth of Representative Government in the American Colonies • Religious freedom was a cause for the establishment of the American colonies. • Religious groups: Quakers, Pilgrims, Puritans, and others) creating communities that were self-governed. • Penn colony (Pennsylvania) was an experiment in the possibility of equality and citizens involved in the government

13. Effects of Political, Economic, and Social Factors on Slaves During the Colonial Period • Slaves During the Colonial Period: • Political – no political voice; no rights • Economic – labor of the Plantation System; considered property; children considered property and sold with no regard to parents • Social – viewed as property; viewed as outside the American identity

14. Effects of Political, Economic, and Social Factors on Free Blacks During the Colonial Period • Free Blacks During the Colonial Period: • Political – no political voice; limited / restricted rights • Economic – low wage earners • Social – lowest social class; limited access to education; socially isolated

15. Physical and Human Geographic Factors on Colonization: • Proximity to the Atlantic coastline determined where settlements/colonies were created • Human geographic factors – removal of the Native Americans, disease and conflict; for example, Georgia was a buffer between the other British colonies and Spanish Florida