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Functions and Structure of Bones

Functions and Structure of Bones. Ch. 6. Functions of bone. Support Protection Movement Mineral homeostasis Blood cell production Energy storage. Support. Provide a framework for the body Muscles attach to skeletal system. Protection. Protects internal organs Surrounds:

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Functions and Structure of Bones

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  1. Functions and Structure of Bones Ch. 6

  2. Functions of bone • Support • Protection • Movement • Mineral homeostasis • Blood cell production • Energy storage

  3. Support • Provide a framework for the body • Muscles attach to skeletal system

  4. Protection • Protects internal organs • Surrounds: • Ribs – heart, lungs, liver, spleen • Skull – brain • Vertebrae – spinal cord

  5. Movement • Muscles pull on bones to produce motion • Muscles contract

  6. Storage and Production • Produce red blood cells • Produced by red bone marrow • Process called: hemopoiesis • Stores minerals • Calcium, phosphorus • Releases minerals into blood stream as needed • Stores energy • Lipids stored in yellow bone marrow

  7. Structure of Bone • Best examined in long bones (femur, humerus, tibia, fibular, radius, ulna)

  8. Structure of bone • Diaphysis • dī-AF-i-sis • dia= through • physis= growth • The shaft or long portion of the bone

  9. Structure of bone • Epiphysis (e-PIF-i-sēz) • epi= above, physis = ? • The ends of the bone • Proximal and distal

  10. Structure of bone • Metaphysis (me-TAF-i-sis) • Where the diaphysis meets the epiphysis • Includes epiphyseal plate

  11. Structure of bone • Articular cartilage • Thin layer of hyaline cartilage • Covers epiphysis where a joint is formed • Reduces friction, absorbs shock

  12. Structure of bone • Periosteum(per-ē-OS-tē-um) • (peri = around, osteo = bone) • Membrane surrounding a bone not yet covered by articular cartilage • Essential for growth, repair, nutrition • Point of attachment for ligaments and tendons • 2 layers • Outer – fibrous layer • Dense irregular connective tissue • Contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves • Inner – osteogenic layer • Contains elastic fibers, blood vessels, and bone cells

  13. Structure of bone • Medullary (MED-yoo-lar-ē) • Also called marrow cavity • Space with in the diaphysis that contains yellow marrow • In adults only

  14. Structure of bone • Endosteum (end-OS-tē-um) • Membrane lining the medullary • Contains osteoprogenitor cells

  15. Structure of bone

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