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States of Matter

States of Matter. Taken from Chapter 3.1 of our Textbook. Question 1: How are Solids, Liquids and Gases Similar / Different?. Solid. Liquid. Gas. a.___. b.____. c.___. d.___. e.___. Technically it is like this….

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States of Matter

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  1. States of Matter Taken from Chapter 3.1 of our Textbook.

  2. Question 1: How are Solids, Liquids and Gases Similar / Different? Solid Liquid Gas a.___ b.____ c.___ d.___ e.___

  3. Technically it is like this….. Material can be classified as solids liquids or gasses based on whether their shapes and volumes are definite or variable. What defines the state is the movement of the molecules that make up the object. Movement is controlled by the energy added to, or taken out of the system.

  4. Review • Volume is defined as the amount of room an object takes up. http://www.techna.nl/Begrippen/massa,%20volume,%20dichtheid/massa.htm

  5. Solids • State of matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume. • Definite means it can not change. • Lower energy = little movement. Molecules stuck together. http://www.tucsonshowplace.net/piritas_de_navajun.htm

  6. Liquids • Volume is definite. • Shape is not definite! Must take the shape of the container. • Medium energy = more movement. Molecules touch each other but slide around. http://www.wackypackages2005.com/

  7. Gas • Volume is not definite. • Shape is not definite. Compressible! • Large amount of energy causes molecules to vibrate so fast that they bounce off of each other.

  8. Question 2: • How is a gas able to fill a container of any shape or size?

  9. In Summary… http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/state.html

  10. Question 3 • What happens matter gets too hot? Can we go beyond gas?

  11. There are Two Other States That Are Out Of This World • Out of this world, meaning they can not happen on Earth. • Yes you need to know them!

  12. Plasma • No, not like Plasma TV, Plasma Balls, or Blood Plasma. • Super-energize matter until it vibrates so fast it throws electrons off thus ionizing the particles. • Naturally occurs on Earth for only a split second. • Commonly found on the Sun. http://en.wikipedia.org

  13. Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) • Remove all energy from the system. • Electrons stop spinning. • Atoms collapse acting as a single particle. • Remember the temperature in which there is NO energy in an object? • Only predicted. There is too much energy on the Earth to achieve this state.

  14. Question 4: • Name the five states of matter. • Give a brief description of each (shape and volume).

  15. So why is gold solid at room temperature and water a liquid? • To answer this you need to understand Kinetic Theory. • Kinetic means to move. • Kinetic energy is the energy an object has due to motion. • The faster an object moves, the more Kinetic energy it has. • The Kinetic Theory of matter says that all particles of matter are in constant motion.

  16. Kinetic Theory Explains Gases • As stated earlier gases are energized. • Particles are moving so fast they are bouncing off each other, and the side of the container. • The more energy you add, the harder the particles will bounce off the walls.

  17. Question 5 • What would happen if we heated a balloon? Froze a balloon?

  18. Kinetic Theory Explains Liquids • A liquid takes the shape of its container because particles in a liquid can flow to new locations. • The volume is constant because forces of attraction keep particles close together. Remember: mass=gravity Mercury is much more massive then helium.

  19. Kinetic Theory Explains Solids • Solids have a definite volume and shape because particles in a solid vibrate around fixed locations.

  20. Question 6: • Why does a solid have a definite shape and volume?

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