The Nation - State: The Historical Development of the Theory of Sovereignty

1. The Nation - State: The Historical Development of the Theory of Sovereignty Amanda L. Spiegel Huntingdon College International Studies and Political Science Capstone Fall 2007

2. Overview • Defining Sovereignty • The Rise of the Sovereign State • The Changing Role of Sovereignty

3. Sovereignty Defined… “Sovereignty is the idea that there is a final and absolute political authority in the political community, and no final and absolute authority exists elsewhere.” –Hinsley • Supreme Authority within a territory • Absolute authority among a community • Modern Powers of a Sovereign Nation

4. The Rise of the Sovereign State • Developed in political ideology • Classical theory of sovereignty • Contemporary theory of sovereignty • Developed in practice • Divine Right of Kings • Thirty Years’ War • The French Revolution

6. ARISTOTLE

7. ARISTOTLEPolitics (350 BCE) “Man is by nature a political animal.” • Organization of the polis • Development of the state-citizen relationship • Communitarian ideal

8. JEAN BODIN

9. JEAN BODINSix Books on the Commonwealth (1576) “La puissance absoluë et perpetuelle d’une Republique.” • Definition of the commonwealth • Examined the causes for the preservation and the destruction of a nation-state

10. FRIEDRICH HAYEK

11. FRIEDRICH HAYEK (1937) • Monetary Sovereignty • Consumer sovereignty • Economic interdependence of nations

12. SAMUEL P. HUNTINGTON

13. SAMUEL P. HUNTINGTONThe Clash of Civilizations (1996) “The fault lines between civilizations will be the battle lines of the future.” • Future conflict: • A shift from ideological to cultural conflicts • Challenger civilizations to Western civilization: • Sinic and Islamic

14. The Rise of Sovereignty • The works by classical and contemporary political scientists developed the theory of sovereignty • The practice within historical events further developed the theory of sovereignty

15. The Divine Right of Kings • Fortified throughout the Middle Ages • Kantorowicz’s research of the king’s two bodies • Developed from the “two body” theory of Christ • corpus naturale • corpus mysticum

16. The Social Contract Theory • Advocated by Jean – Jacques Rousseau in his work Principes du Droit Politique • Develops the theory of popular sovereignty • Builds on Aristotle’s citizen-state relationship

17. The Thirty Years’ War • The Peace of Westphalia (1648) • Treaty of Osnabruck • Treaty of Munster • Established territorial sovereignty • Altered the relationship among a nation-state and its citizens

19. Self-Determination and Sovereignty • Woodrow Wilson and “Fourteen Points” • Free trade • Open agreements • Democracy • Self - determination

20. Fundamental Concepts • Democracy and Sovereignty • Tension between Sovereignty and Globalization • Interdependence of order, legitimacy, and general will

21. Krasner’s Elements of Sovereignty • Domestic Sovereignty • International Legal Sovereignty • Interdependence Sovereignty • Westphalian Sovereignty

22. The Changing Role of Sovereignty • Tension between Sovereignty and Globalization • Increase in supra-national organizations, such as the UN and EU • Realization of cultural conflicts over territorial disputes

23. Conclusion • The theory of sovereignty has been developed by political theory, as well as the events of history. • An international society is not one with a single interest, but one that embraces diversity. • The nation-state is the grantor and challenger to the changing role of sovereignty.

24. Further Reading… • Bodin, Jean. Six Books on the Commonwealth. Oxford, England: Alden Press, 1955. • Lake, David. "Reflection, Evaluation, Integration: The New Sovereignty in International Relations." International Studies Review Vol. 5, 2003. • Krasner, Stephen. “Sharing Sovereignty: New Institutions for Collapsed and Failing States” International Security Vol. 29 No. 2, 2004. • Shinoda, Hideaki. Examining Sovereignty: From Classical Theory to the Global Age. Basingstoke, England: Macmillan, 2000. • Williams, Phil, et al. Classical Readings and Contemporary Debates in International Relations. Canada: Thomson Wadsworth, 2006.