“What FDR would say about Herbert Hoover’s Presidency.”

1. “What FDR would say about Herbert Hoover’s Presidency.” “What a socialist might say about Obamacare.” “What Herbert Hoover would say about FDR’s Presidency.” NEW DEAL Reforms Great Depression Fix Programs Economy

2. Failures after WWI • Treaty of Versailles • Caused anger and resentment, blamed Germany for starting WWI • Reparations, stripped them of their overseas colonies & border territories • Weimar Republic – democratic government established in Germany after WWI • No experience with democracy = turn to authoritarian leaders • Joseph Stalin • “Man of Steel” • Estimated to have killed 8 – 13 million people • Officially called the Soviet Union in 1922 • Totalitarian Govt. = complete control over citizens, no rights, government suppression of opposition • Agricultural & Industrial growth = national priority • Becomes the world’s 2nd largest industrial power

3. “What Joseph Stalin would have said about the US Government” Tell your partner (without looking at your notes) 2 reasons why the Treaty of Versailles helped start WW2

4. 5 year plans • Abolished all privately owned farms • Collectives = large, government owned farms • All economic activity was placed under government control • Fascism • Extreme nationalism, needs of the state placed above the individual • Examples: Germany, Italy • Benito Mussolini • Italian Dictator, Il Duce (the leader) • “Italy wants peace, work, and calm. I will give these things with love if possible, force if necessary” • Took advantage of high unemployment and inflation • Blackshirts = supporters • Totalitarian state

5. Explain to your partner how a leaders like Mussolini and Hitler were able to come to power. Using the back of your notes, draw the following image for your teammate: Fascism

6. Adolf Hitler • Born in Austria • “Der Fuhrer” (the leader) • Joined the National Socialist German Worker’s Party = Nazi Party • Mein Kampf (My struggle) – basic beliefs of Nazism • Racial Purification, Aryan or Master race • National expansion – “lebensraum” or living space • Great Depression helped the Nazi cause – war debts, reliance on American loans, poor economy • 5 million German Marks = less than 1 penny • 6 million Germans unemployed • Storm Troopers/Brownshirts – Hitler’s private army • Hitler is appointed chancellor (prime minister) • Third Reich or Third German Empire – “Thousand Year Reich”

7. Think, Pair, Share (30 seconds each) You’re a German citizen in 1939. Would you have been able to see Hitler for what he really was or would have joined the masses? AND If you did see through, what would you have done about it?

8. Japan • More living space for a growing population • Surprise attack on the Chinese province of Manchuria in 1931 • Manchuria – 2x the size of Texas, abundant natural resources • League of Nation sent to investigate, Japan withdraws from the League • Militarists in charge of the nation • League of Nations • Japan’s example encouraged Germany to withdraw from the League • Germany participates in a military buildup in violation of the Treaty of Versailles • Expands into the Rhineland (German territory bordering France & Belgium), League does nothing • Italy – invades Ethiopia (independent nation, not colonized) • Economic sanctions placed on Italy, minimal impact • “It is us today. It will be you tomorrow.” Ethiopian emperor

9. Explain to your teammate 2 reasons why Japan felt they needed to expand beyond their borders. Explain to your partner why wasn’t the League of Nations successful?

10. Spanish Civil War • General Franciso Franco rebelled against the Spanish republic • Western democracies remained neutral • Soviet Union – weapons & advisors, Germany & Italy sent troops, weapons, tanks, & planes • Close relationship between Germany & Italy = Rome-Berlin Axis • Franco become Spain’s fascist dictator • The United States • 1928 – Kellogg-Briand Pact – signed by 62 countries – war was not an instrument of national policy • The Nye Committee – documented the large profits by banks & manufacturers (merchants of death) • Neutrality Acts (1 & 2) – outlawed arms sales or loans to nations at war, (#3) – spread the ban to nations in civil war • US sends arms & supplies to China (Japan had not officially declared war), FDR finding it more difficult to stay neutral

11. Think, Pair, Share Would a President sacrifice 2,000 live to justify getting the United States into a war he believes needs to be fought?

12. Fascism North Korea Needs Country Individual Italy Totalitarian Government Complete Control Rights Oppression Soviet Union

13. NEW DEAL • Reforms • Great Depression • Fix • Programs • Economy • Categories • Without looking at your notes, each partner will name a leader of WW2. The last person who cannot name a leader loses.

14. Nye Committee WW 1 Merchants Money Death Anti war Joseph Stalin dictator Soviet Union Russia Killed Steel

15. League of Nations Left Japan Germany Italy Nothing “What Americans citizens would say about Japanese, German, and Italian expansion”

16. Section 2 • Germany • Austria – majority of 6 million population were Germany who favored unification with Germany • German troops marched in unopposed • No international response • Czechoslovakia – 3 million German speaking people in the Sudetenland (W. Czech.) • Region was Czech. main barrier between it’s nation and Germany • Hitler – more living space, natural resources • Nazi Press = hysterical headlines • GB & France promised to protest Czech. • Hitler invites French Premier Edouard Daladier & British Prime Minster Neville Chamberlain to meet in Munich – “last territorial demand” • Munich agreement – Sudetenland is given without a single shot fired • Winston Churchill – Chamberlain’s political rival in GB • Appeasement – giving up principals to pacify an aggressor • March 15, 1939 – German troops cross into the remainder of Czech. • Up Next? Poland – also large German speaking population – they needed Hitler’s “protection”

17. Think, Pair, Share If another European leader acted the way Hitler did during this time period, how would Europe and the United States respond?

18. An attack on Poland would provoke a declaration of war from GB & Fr. • Poland’s eastern neighbor, Russia, would create a 2 front war just like WWI?? • Stalin signs a nonaggression pact with Hitler – never attack one another • Divide Poland between the 2 nations • No 2 front war = Germany invades Poland (3 weeks) • Blitzkrieg = lightning war (Luftwaffe – German Air Force + fast moving German tanks) • GB & France declare war on Germany • The Phony War or Sitzkrieg • Maginot Line – fortification line on France’s eastern border • Stalin – takes over Finland • Hitler attacks Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg to provide more “protection” • Hitler avoids the Maginot Line – goes through the Ardennes (N.E France) – wooded region thought impassable

19. Appeasement Let Give Avoid Aggressor Germany Categories Without looking at your notes, each partner will name a country involved in World War 2. The last person who cannot name a country loses.

20. Dunkirk • 400,000 British and French troops trapped against the English Channel • 800 vessels ferried out 330,000 • France • Italy enters on the side of Germany and attacks France from the south. • Germany occupy Northern France, Southern France – Vichy (puppet) govt. • Charles de Gaulle flees to England where he sets up a government in exile • Battle of Britain • Luftwaffe – bombing runs over England, goal to control the skies by destroying the British Air Force (RAF) • August 15th – 2,000 Germans planes over Britain • 2 straight months of bombing, civilian and military targets • Radar – allowed the British to plot flight paths even in darkness • Sept 15th, 1940 – RAF shot down 185 German planes, GB lost 26