THE NATURE OF LEARNER LANGUAGE

1. THE NATURE OF LEARNER LANGUAGE Danik Cahyaningrum 2201410024

2. 3 kinds investigation L2 acquisition • Errors and eror analysis a. Identifying errors To identify errors we have to compare the sentences learners produce with what seem to be correct sentences in the target language which coresponden with them.

3. For Example : A man and a little boy was watching him The correct sentences is A man and a little boy were watching him The example above include in subject-verb agreements errors.

4. b. Describing errors Once all the errors have been identified, they can be described and classified into types. One way is to classify errors into grammatical catagories. Another way might be to try to identify general ways in which the learners utterances differ from reconstructed target language utterances.

5. c. Explaining errors The identification and description of errors are preliminaries to the much more interesting task of trying to explain why they occurs.

6. Errors are not only systematic, many of them are also universal.Some errors are common only to learners who share the same mother tongue. For example : We went at Johannesburg last week. This error appears to be explain that Bantu Languages employ a single preposition to express location and direction (i.e ‘at’ and ‘to’)

7. d. Error evaluation Some errors can be considered more serious than others because they are more likely to interfere with the intelligibility of what someone says. Some errors known as ‘global errors’.

8. 2. Developmental Patterns a. The early stages of L2 acquisition How a language is learned as a natural, untutored process by investigating what learners do when exposed to the L2 in communicative settings.

9. When learners begin to speak, there are 2 partucular characteristic : • The kind if formulaic chunks • Propositional simplification

10. b. The order of acquisition Researchers choose a number of grammatical structures to study. Then collect samples of learner language and identify how accurately each feature is used by different learners

11. There is crucial theoretical questions as to whether L2 acquisition is the result of environmental factors that govern that input to which learners are exposed.

12. c. Second of acquisition The acquisotion of a particular grammatical structure, therefore, must be seen as a process involving transitional constructions.

13. Learners are likely to pass through the different stages :

14. d. Some implications The work on developmental patterns is important for another reason. It suggest that some linguistic features are inherently easier to learn than others.

15. 3. Variability in learner language Learner language are systemstic and variable. At any given stage of development, learners sometimes employ one from and sometimes another. Type of error may alternate with another type : Yesterday the thief stealing the suitcase.

16. Learners also vary the linguistic forms they use in accordance with the situational context. For example They will talk to someone that they do not know with: My daughter can be very troublesome these days.

17. Another important factor that accounts for the systematic nature of variability is the psycholinguistic context. Variability in learner language is clearly not just random. Leraners have accsess to two or more linguistic form

18. Sources Second Language Acquisition, Rod Ellis