BAB 2 THE NATURE OF LEARNER LANGUAGE

1. BAB 2 THE NATURE OF LEARNER LANGUAGE Rod Ellis, 2003 NuhaFitriah 2201410092

2. A. Errors and error analysis • they are a conspicuous feature of learner language • It is useful for teachers to know what errors learners make • It is possible that making errors may actually help leaner to learn when they self-correct the errors they make

3. Identifying errors • The first step in analyzing learner errors is to identify them. • To identify errors we have to compare the sentences learner produce with what seem to be the normal or ‘correct’ sentences in the target language which correspond with them

4. Describing errors Once all the errors have been identified, they can be described and classified into types. There are several ways of doing this. One way is to classify errors into grammatical categories

5. B. Explaining errors the identification and description of errors are preliminaries to the much more interesting task of trying to explain why the occur.

6. Error evaluation Where the purpose of the error analysis is to help learner learn an L2, there is a need to evaluate errors.

7. Developmental patterns All learners, no matter whether they are learning naturalistically or in a classroom, and irrespective of their L1 , make omission, overgeneralization, and transfer errors

8. The early stages of L2 acquisition • We can find out how a language is learned as a natural untutored process by investigating what learners do when exposed to the L2 in communicative settings

9. The order of acquisition • To investigate the order of acquisition, researchers choose a number of grammatical structures to study.

10. Sequence of acquisition • When learners acquire a grammatical structure they do so gradually, moving through a series of stages en route to acquiring the native-speaker rule.

11. Some implications • The discovery of common patterns in the way in which learner language changes over time is one of the most important findings of SLA.

12. Variability in learner language • We have seen that learner language is systematic. That is, at a particular stage of development, learner consistently use the same grammatical form, although this is often different from that employed by native speakers.

13. Summary • We have examined a number of properties of learner language and, in so doing, traced the way in which SLA has evolved as a field of enquiry.

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