Ancient Societies and Cultures: Origins, Interactions, and Achievements

1. Unit OneChapters 1-6 Honors World History Beemon

2. Standard • SSWH1 The student will analyze the origins, structures, and interactions of complex societies in the ancient Eastern Mediterranean from 3500 BCE to 500 BCE. • Describe the development of Mesopotamian societies; include the religious, cultural, economic, and political facets of society, with attention to Hammurabi’s law code. • Describe the relationship of religion and political authority in Ancient Egypt. • Explain the development of monotheism; include the concepts developed by the ancient Hebrews, and Zoroastrianism. Describe early trading networks in the Eastern Mediterranean; include the impact Phoenicians had on the Mediterranean World. • Explain the development and importance of writing; include cuneiform, hieroglyphics, and the Phoenician alphabet.

3. Standards • SSWH2 The student will identify the major achievements of Chinese and Indian societies from 1100 BCE to 500 CE. • Describe the development of Indian civilization; include the rise and fall of the Maurya Empire, the “Golden Age” under Gupta, and the emperor Ashoka. • Explain the development and impact of Hinduism and Buddhism on India and subsequent diffusion of Buddhism. • Describe the development of Chinese civilization under the Zhou and Qin. • Explain the impact of Confucianism on Chinese culture; include the examination system, the • Mandate of Heaven, the status of peasants, the status of merchants, and the patriarchal family, and explain diffusion to Southeast Asia, Japan, and Korea. • Explain how the geography of the Indian Subcontinent contributed to the movement of people and ideas.

4. Standard • SSWH3 The student will examine the political, philosophical, and cultural interaction of Classical Mediterranean societies from 700 BCE to 400 CE. • Compare the origins and structure of the Greek polis, the Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire. • Identify the ideas and impact of important individuals; include Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle and describe the diffusion of Greek culture by Aristotle’s pupil Alexander the Great and the impact of Julius and Augustus Caesar. • Analyze the contributions of Hellenistic and Roman culture; include law, gender, and science. • Describe polytheism in the Greek and Roman world and the origins and diffusion of Christianity in the Roman world. • Analyze the factors that led to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire.

5. Day One

6. First Ten • Turn in your parent sheet to the basket if you have it signed. Remember, I want this by tomorrow (Friday). • Syllabus Review

7. Work Session • PPT Notes with SPICE chart • Hammurabi's Code

8. Last Ten • Pick up a copy of an excerpt of Hammurabi’s Code. Read it tonight for homework. Feel free to mark/highlight on your copy. You will have questions concerning the document on Friday.

9. Day Two

10. First Ten • Turn in your parent sheet to the basket. It is due today. Also, please add your name to the notebook list on the board if you have yours ready for me to check. • Pick up a worksheet and a sentence strip from the front desk and follow the directions at the top of the sheet. Record your sentence on your sentence strip. You may want to do it in pencil first. • While you are doing this I will be checking your HW from last night – have it out on your desk please.

11. Hook • Answer the questions on the back of the sheet. • Let’s discuss!

12. Summary – Chapter One • CE and BCE – Do you know what this means? • The study of early human remains and artifacts helps in understanding our place in human history. • What is an artifact? • What is culture? • Stone Age - Ice Age • Paleolithic Age – 2.5 million to 8000 BCE – Nomads – hunter/gatherer • Neolithic Age – 8000 BCE to 3000 BCE – Agricultural revolution • Modern Humans • Neanderthals – resourcefulness and social customs – vanished 30,000 years ago • Cro-Magnons – Migration – Modern human https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kfBSB9iol3w

14. Summary – Chapter Two • What makes a civilization? • The earliest civilization in Asia arose in Mesopotamia and organized into city-states. • Fertile Crescent – Mesopotamia – Tigris & Euphrates – Sumerians settle here in 3300 BCE (modern day Iraq) • Why here? • Pros and Cons of location? In order to fix issues  necessity for leadership – Sumer • Akkadians (2300 BCE)  Babylonians (1894 BCE)

17. Mesopotamian Societies • Religious • Polytheism gods controlled the various forces of nature  humans were servants to gods ziggurat bleak/grim afterlife • Cultural • Kings, land of holders, and some priests made up the highest level in Sumerian society  Wealthy merchants ranked next  The vast majority ordinary Sumerians people worked with their hands in fields and workshops  lowest level of Sumerian society were the slaves • Economic • Bartering, long distance trade over desert  traded agriculture surplus: wheat, barley, dates, veggies, imported what they didn‘thave like stone and wood • Political • Sumer was not united divided into warring city-states  rivaled each other which led to the emergence of warrior-kings to provide protection DYNASTY  ruler was servant to the gods and led ceremonies meant to please them  POLYTHEISM

18. Sumerian social classes

19. Sumerian Advancements • Cuneiform/Scribes • Wheel – for trade • Arithmetic and Geometry – Number system based on 60 • 12 month calendar • Art  Focused on gods • Ziggurat • Literature – Epic of Gilgamesh

20. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sohXPx_XZ6Y

21. Hammurabi’s Code • Hammurabi was a Babylonian king who reigned from 1792-1750 BCE. • Hammurabi expanded his empire (Babylon – city-state) and united the southern Euphrates River area of Mesopotamia. • His law code, a collection of 282 laws and standards, stipulated rules for commercial interactions and set fines and punishments to meet the requirements of justice. • Hammurabi's Code was proclaimed at the end of his reign and carved onto a massive, finger-shaped black stone stela (pillar) that was looted by later invaders and rediscovered in 1901 by a French archaeological team in present-day Iran. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDALXORbtR4

23. First Ten • Based on our discussion of the Ancient Mesopotamians, what similarities and differences do you see based upon your prior knowledge and the information below concerning the Ancient Egyptians? • Environment: • Nile flooding was predictable • Natural barriers to invaders – desert • Nile was important for trade and transportation • Political • Pharaohs ruled kingdom AS gods • Pharaohs had pyramids constructed through the use of slaves • Science and Technology • Hieroglyphics, pyramids, mathematics and geometry, and medicine

24. Hook – Venn Diagram

25. Egypt

26. Characteristics of Egypt • Environment: • Nile flooding was predictable • Natural barriers to invaders – desert • Nile was important for trade and transportation • Political • Pharaohs ruled kingdom AS gods • Pharaohs had pyramids constructed through the use of slaves • Science and Technology • Hieroglyphics, pyramids, mathematics and geometry, and medicine

27. Work Session • Stations Activity • Hammurabi's Code Review – Analyzing a Primary Document • The Ancient Egyptians – Separation of Church and State? • Phoenician Puzzle • Edmodo Sign-Up • Ancient Writing • Development of Monotheism

29. Last Ten • Homework – What do I know about religions? • Absent Student – If a student was absent today, how would you … • Explain the MAJOR similarities and differences between ancient civilizations of the River Valley Systems.

30. Day Four

31. First Ten • Get out your religion chart and your stations activity chart from yesterday. • Answer the following questions: • Three words that best describe my beliefs are: • In a lesson on world religions I would like to learn more about: • I have always wondered about _________ in relation to religion. • Religion really challenges me to _________________ ____________________________________________________ • One thing that really bothers me about religion is _______ __________________________________________________ • http://www.mapsofwar.com/ind/history-of-religion.html

32. Hook - Stations Activity Review • Think about what stations you did not get to. What can you do to supplement for this information? • Edmodo – Did it work at home for you? • http://prezi.com/0vdyxvaowqyt/?utm_campaign=share&utm_medium=copy

33. Zoroastrianism • Beliefs: • Earth is a battleground, where a great battle is fought between good and evil. • Each person takes part in this struggle • Satan and Angels? • Branches: Manichaeism (competed with Christianity) • Creation: War, Conquest, and Famine  Why should so much suffering and chaos exist in the world? • Gods: Belief in one god (Ahura Mazda) He will judge everyone • Founders: Persian Prophet – Zoroaster 600 BCE

34. Day Five

35. First Ten – Which one does not belong? • Eightfold Path, Ten Commandments, Four Vedas, Five Pillars • Siddhartha Gautama, Confucius, Jesus Christ, Zoroaster • Mosque, Synagogue, Temple, Koran, Cathedral • Torah, Vedas, Analects, Bible, Koran, Samsara • Christianity, Confucianism, Islam, Judaism • Confucianism, Hinduism, Islam, Zoroastrianism

36. Hook • Finish Religions – Prezi

37. Work Session • China/India Empires • Quiz

38. India1100 BCE to 500 CE • Maurya • First Empire in India was theMauryaby Chandragupta Maurya, 321 BCE, unified India by force and war, extravagant cities  Asoka (Grandson) • The empire was developed in the Lower Gages River region in India. • Asoka unified India with Buddhism “peace to all beings.” • Gupta • 500 years after Asoka’s death a new leader takes over – Chandra Gupta (not related) “King of Kings – 320 CE • Gupta Golden Age • Literature - Writing – Tamil Poems – Chandra Gupta kept a court poet • Drama – Classical dances still prevalent today • Astronomy – Calendars, navigation w/ astronomy • Math – Very advanced, concept of 0, decimal system, calculated pi to four decimal places, calculation of solar year • Medicine – development of medical guides, surgery and vaccinations

39. Importance of Geography

40. China - Zhou1100 BCE - 500 CE • Zhou • In 1027 BCE the Zhou dynasty overthrew the Shang Dynasty through the use of the Dynasty Cycle. The Zhous utilized ancestor worship and oracle bones in religious ways. • Advancements: Roads and canals, coined money • Qin • The Qin replaced the Zhou Dynastyand kept China unified. This dynasty is known for the creation of the Great Wall, a unified system of writing, law, currency, and weights/measures. • One concept that emerges during this time is Legalism. This is the belief in a highly efficient and powerful gov’t. The gov’t wanted to control beliefs and actions. If you were disobedient you could be punished greatly. (ex: Anyone caught outside his village without a travel permit should have his ears or nose chopped off)

41. Civil Service Exam • 18 ranks: government jobs that civilians obtained by taking examinations • History, law, literature, and Confucianism • Continued in China until 1912 • Dynasty Cycle

42. Structured Society Mandate of Heaven Bureaucracy 1 Month in Military

43. Last Ten • Quiz  Early Civilizations and Religions

44. Day six Ancient Greece

45. First Ten • Questions from Quiz • Poll Question on Edmodo • Many of the words in the English language are rooted in Greek language. Below you will find common prefixes and root words. Can you determine what they need as well as come up with one word we use that is rooted in the prefix or root word? • Greek Prefix • A-, an- • Geo- • Hyper- • Greek Roots • -Anthrop- • -Chron- • -Dem-

46. Hook • Three words I would use to describe Greece. • In groups of three - three words • In groups of six – three words • Word Splash

47. Work Session • PPT with guided notes and video clips • Start DBQ – Ancient Greece

48. Ancient Greece 500-323 B.C.E.

50. Greek geography • Greece is mountainous • Greek communities often times developed independently because of the mountains, thus they were diverse • Concept of city – state • War against one another