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Bell Ringer

Bell Ringer. Some contemporary thinkers argue that the goal of controlling nature has done a lot of harm to the world? What might they have in mind?. The Enlightenment. 10-2 A: Path to the Enlightenment. What is the Enlightenment???.

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Bell Ringer

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  1. Bell Ringer • Some contemporary thinkers argue that the goal of controlling nature has done a lot of harm to the world? What might they have in mind?

  2. The Enlightenment 10-2 A: Path to the Enlightenment

  3. What is the Enlightenment??? • A movement of thinkers who believed that science could explain everything in nature. • They talked a lot about reason, natural law, hope and progress.

  4. Encouraged people to use science to explore nature and to question what they had always accepted without questioning. • People began to participate in govt. and to rethink old ideas like feudalism, etc….

  5. Negative Side of the Enlightenment • Many of the thinkers were atheists, who did not believe in god • They often attacked religion and the faithful • Many were also bloodthirsty in attempting to reach their goals • The French Revolution and the "Reign of Terror" were two episodes of history that ended the period known as the Enlightenment. 

  6. Path to the Enlightenment • Enlightenment philosophers believed that society was governed by natural law… MUCH LIKE WHO??? • Enlightenment thinkers hoped to discover with the scientific method the laws that all institutions should follow to produce the ideal society.

  7. Change was inevitable • Europeans were changing, but Europe's institutions were not keeping up. • The Church insisted that it was the only source of truth. • Writers and speakers were afraid to speak their beliefs because of their harsh penalties.

  8. John Locke…A Review • Two Treatises of Government • Locke believes a Monarch’s power comes from the people • The people obey the government’s laws and the government protects the people’s rights- Natural Rights as humans • Revolution is justified then, if …

  9. John Locke • His theory greatly influenced Enlightenment thinkers. • Argued the people were born with a mind that is tabula rasa: • Blank slate • This meant that the right influences could create a new kind of society by creating a new way of understanding.

  10. Philosophes and Their Ideas

  11. Assignment:

  12. Bell Ringer • What were some of John Locke’s theories? • Do you agree with him? Why or Why Not? • Give some examples of how his philosophies have shaped the United States.

  13. The Enlightenment Philosophes 10-2B

  14. The Three Greatest French Philosophes

  15. Montesquieu • A.K.A: Charles-Louis de Secondat, the Baron de Montesquieu • Studied governments to find the natural laws governing social and political relationships. • Identified 3 types of government: • Republics • Despotism • Monarchies

  16. Montesquieu’s Analysis

  17. Voltaire

  18. Deism • Championed by Voltaire • Religious philosophy based on reason and natural law. • Belief that the world is like a clock that God created and set according to his natural laws, and will let run without intervention.

  19. Diderot • Most important contribution was the Encyclopedia, or Classified Dictionary of the Sciences, Arts, and Trade. • Goal was to change the “general” way of thinking. • The encyclopedia spread the ideas of the Enlightenment.

  20. Thomas Hobbes

  21. Toward a New Social Science

  22. The Wealth of Nations • Written by Adam Smith • Said the Gov’t had only three legitimate functions: • Protecting it’s citizens (Army) • Defending it’s citizens from harm (Police) • Maintaining Public Works - ex: roads, canals, bridges, etc….

  23. Cesare Beccaria • Argued that punishments should not be exercised in brutality. • Against capital punishment • Believed it to be absurd to punish a murderer by murdering WHAT DO YOU BELIEVE? -An Eye for an Eye???

  24. Jean-Jacques Rousseau • Believed that “man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains.” • Wrote Social Contract: • Gov’t is contract between people & rulers. • Gov’t must be what people want.

  25. Rousseau’s Beliefs • Argued that education should nurture, not restrict. • Believed emotions + reason = well balanced development • Despite what he preached: • His children were sent to orphanages. • He believed women were inferior to men.

  26. Political Cartoon • Create a Political Cartoon about any on of the Enlightenment thinkers discussed in class!!! • It must be persuasive!!! • Examples: Isaac Newton, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Diderot, etc…… Worth 25 Points!!!!!

  27. Example of a Political Cartoon

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