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DataGrid WP3 MAR-2002

DataGrid WP3 MAR-2002. Timestamps. Timestamps. We would like the information system to associate each measurement with the time it was made We would like to handle fresh and archive data in a uniform manner All information must carry a timestamp. Timestamps – what?. ASCII timestamp

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DataGrid WP3 MAR-2002

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  1. DataGrid WP3 MAR-2002 Timestamps

  2. Timestamps • We would like the information system to associate each measurement with the time it was made • We would like to handle fresh and archive data in a uniform manner • All information must carry a timestamp

  3. Timestamps – what? • ASCII timestamp • Formatted string • E.g 2002-01-16T12:45:50.36Z • Binary timestamp • Local binary representation • Linux – two ints/longs

  4. ASCII Format • A number of efforts currently underway • IETF currently has an RFC for defining date & time format for internet based on the standard representation of dates and times ISO8601 • GGF also has a standard model, more or less same; But includes meta-info such as precision & accuracy information

  5. ASCII Format • IETF format • Yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss.FfffZ • T & Z (specifies UTC)are compulsory • GGF format (grd-perf-15-1) • As above but with the inclusion of accuracy resolution information • Yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss.FfffZxxxryya • Number before ‘r’ is the resolution, ‘a’ is accuracy • eg 2002-01-16T12:46:48.7567Z.00000001r.00001a

  6. Binary Format • New/Current Unix struct timeval is implemented using two long integers • First is 64-bit signed second value • Last is 64-bit signed micro-second • Not enough precision for future applications with fractional part. • Resolution can be different for platforms and programming languages

  7. Timestamps • How is time defined & referenced ? • Based on the rotation of the earth on its axis – Universal Time (UT/UT0/UT1/UT2) • TAI (Temps Atomique International ) • (a.k.a Atomic time) S.I. Second defined as 9192631770 cycles of the caesium resonance • UTC Time (Coordinated Universal Time) • Same S.I. SECOND as TAI, but adjusted to include steps (leap seconds) to keep within .9s of UT1

  8. Timestamps • How is time referenced ? • In relation to the time-definition’s epoch • Each definition has a different epoch • TAI 1-1-1958 • UTC 1-1-1972 (sort of) • GPS 1-1-1980

  9. Timestamps – UT1,UTC & TAI • But UTC = TAI – n x (1s) and UTC kept within 0.9s of UT1 (irregular) • Integer leapseconds since 1972 • TAI - UTC rebased to 10s • IERS (Paris) determines when to introduce +/- leapsecond, very irregular • Introduced as an extra second at end of a month (currently only June and December used)

  10. Leapseconds -problem • Problem converting between ASCII and binary (UTC) timestamps • Must possess times at which leapsecond was introduced • All sites/nodes must view the same information • “A second is represented by an integer from 0 to 60; the values 60 and 61 occur only for leap seconds and even then only in Java implementations that actually track leap seconds correctly” – JDK documentation

  11. Leapseconds, an example • Normal (common) year = (365 x 86400) seconds • 1998 lasted longer (due to aggregate deceleration of the earth due by tidal forces) • A leapsecond was introduced by IERS • 1-December-1998 23:59:58 • 1-December-1998 23:59:59 • 1-December-1998 23:59:60 (+1s) • 1-December-1998 00:00:00

  12. Problem- Timestamp Conversion b consumes information Ia(ta) a b Sites a & c are corrected for leap seconds, b is not When b utilises Ia(ta) it must first convert to binary, this value is now incorrect, by as much as 32 seconds, but at least 1. a, produces information Ia with timestamp ta Ia(ta) c c, also consumes information Ia(ta)

  13. Solution • All sites obtain leapsecond information from the same information producer • Use R-GMA • Only need one node to obtain data from USNO ftp site. • This node will publish information via a DBProducerServlet • Timestamp class will use this information to convert between formats

  14. Solution (Part A) DB Producer Servlet Leapsecond prod U.S.N.O. DB Producer Consumer Servlet SQL-DB Consumer Timestamp obj Leap Second data Application (Local Cache)

  15. Solution (Part B) • ASCII to binary conversion • ASCII ta -> Binary tb • Find corresponding leapsecond value, L for ta • Corrected binary value = tb + L

  16. Solution (Part B) • Binary to ASCII ->conversion • Binary ta -> ASCII tb • Find corresponding leapsecond value, L for ta • Corrected binary value = tb - L • Easy to reverse engineer the ASCII fields from the binary second amount

  17. Solution (Part B) • ASCII --> binary --> ASCII • 450MHz P2 + Sun JDK • cache file size adapts to no.leapseconds since 1972 [22 so far] • ~20mS startup [to read from cache file] when timestamp object is instantiated • 225 sec for 106 conversions • tested multiple +ve and -ve leapseconds • Blackdown order-of-mag. slower - why ?

  18. Solution (Part B) • Must decide upon Binary and ASCII second fraction format. • UNIX binary fraction is given as the elapsed micro-seconds (resolution not good enough for future applications) • GGF were proposing a binary fraction of a second value (regressed to ASCII only) • IETF only have a decimal fraction of variable length

  19. The Earth Was Created 4 Billion Years Ago… • Must decide on an epoch for binary timestamps • NTP = 1/1/1900 TAI = 1/1/1958 • UNIX= 1/1/1970 UTC= 1/1/1972 • GPS = 1/1/1980 Y2K = 1/1/2000 • Most sensible TAI, UTC or Y2K • Easy to convert from others • UNIX -> non-integer leapsecond value

  20. To do… • Decide upon • Epoch • Minimum binary fraction-of-second format • Accuracy/resolution info • Write CRON scripts • to obtain leapsecond info from USNO • to populate cache files • to randomize the timing of these actions

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