What is an Animal?

2. What is an Animal? • Multicellular • Eukaryotic • Heterotrophs • Lack cell walls • Tissues- epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous

3. Homeostasis is maintained by internal feedback mechanismsFeedback inhibition = the product or results of a process stops or limits the processEx: dog panting releases heat

4. Two Groups • Invertebrates- 95% • do not have a backbone or vertebral column • Microscopic dust mites- Giant Squid • Sea stars, jellyfish, worms, insects • Vertebrates- 5% • Have backbone • Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals

6. Needs for Survival • Feeding- • Herbivore = eats plants • Carnivore = eats animals • Omnivore = eats plants and animals • Detritivore = feed on decaying organic material • Filter Feeders = aquatic animals that strain food from water • Parasite = lives in or on another organism (symbiotic relationship)

7. 2. Respiration • Take in oxygen give off Carbon Dioxide • Lungs, gills, through skin, simple diffusion

8. 3. Circulation • Moves materials throughout body • Very small animals rely on diffusion • Larger animals have circulatory system 4. Excretion- • System to eliminate waste • Primary waste product is ammoniaLiquid waste

9. 5. Response- react to environment • Nervous system= nerve cells • Receptors- sense sound, light, stimuli

10. 6. Movement • Most animals are motile (can move) • Muscle tissue to generate force • Muscles usually work with a skeleton 7. Reproduction- • Sexually- haploid gametes- increase genetic diversity • Asexually- diploid cells- genetically identical • increase their numbers rapidly

12. Early Development • Zygote = fertilized egg • Blastula = a hollow ball of cells • Blastopore = the blastula folds in creating this opening • Protostome = mouth is formed from blastopore • Deuterosome = anus is formed from blastoporeAnus = opening for solid waste removal from digestive tract

15. The cells of most animal embryos differentiate into three layers called germ layers • Endoderm = (innermost) develops into the lining of the digestive tract and respiratory tract • Mesoderm = (middle) muscle, circulatory, reproductive, and excretory systems • Ectoderm = (outermost) sense organs, nerves, outer layer of skin

17. Body symmetry • the body plan of an animal, how its parts are arranged • Asymmetry - no pattern (corals, sponges)Radial Symmetry - shaped like a wheel (starfish, hydra, jellyfish) • Bilateral Symmetry - has a right and left side (humans, insects, cats, etc)

20. Cephalization - an anterior concentration of sense organs (to have a head) • *The more complex the animals become the more pronounced their cephalization

22. Phylum Porifera • Sponges: • Characteristics: • Simplest animal, multicellular • No organs or body systems • Asymmetry • filter feeders- Sessile ( do not move) • Reproduce Sexually ( sperm and eggs) • Reproduce Asexually ( regeneration) • Skeleton composed of spongin (soft) and spicules ( hard)

24. Phylum Cnidaria • Jellyfish, hydra, sea anemone, coral, Portuguese man of war • Characteristics: • Tentacles • Cnidocytes (stinging cells) • Nemoatocysts (barbs) • Gastrovascular cavity (digestion) • Most are radial symmetry, some have asymmetry

26. Sea Anemone

27. Coral

29. Phylum Platyhelminthes • Flatworms • Characteristics • Bilateral symmetry • Cephalization (head) • Feeding- carnivores/scavengers • Digestive cavity, mouth, pharynx • Respiration, circulation, Excretion- diffusion • Movement- cilia, muscle cells twist • Reproduction: • Sexual – hermaphrodites • Asexual- fission- splits in two

31. Phylum Nematoda • Roundworms • Characteristics- • Unsegmented worms • Body cavity with organs- mouth and anus • Feeding: predators, parasites • Reproduction- sexual

32. Phylum Annelids • Earth worms, marine worms, leeches • Characteristics: • segmented body separated by septum • Closed circulatory system • Have nervous system, brain, nerve cords • Reproduction- sexual, hermaphrodites

34. Phylum Mollusks • Gastropods- snails and slugs • Bivalves- clams, oysters • Cephalopods- nautilus, cuttlefish, squid, octopus • Characteristics: • Organs • Mantle- outer body layer • Foot- muscle movement • Radula- tongue like structure, sharp • Gills- respiration • Reproduction- sexual

35. Gastropods

36. Cephalopods

37. Bivalves

38. Phylum Arthropods • Insects, spiders, crustaceans • ¾ of all animal species • Characteristics • jointed appendages • Segmented body • Exoskeleton- protection/support • Open circulatory system • Compound eyes ( many units) • Excretory structures- malpighian tubules • Some with wings • Respiration using spiracles and trachae • Sexual reproduction

39. Subphylum chelicerata • Class Arachnida- spiders, ticks, scorpions, mites • Class Xiphosura- horseshoe crabs

40. Subphylum Crustacea • Marine members- shrimp, lobster, barnacles, crabs • Isopods- terrestrial crustaceans- rollypollys/pill bugs

41. Subphylum Uniramia • Class chilopoda- centipedes • Class Diplopoda- millipedes • Class Insecta

42. Phylum Echinoderms • sea stars, sea cucumbers, sea urchins, brittle stars, sand dollars, and sea lilies. • ability to regenerate lost limbs • water vascular system- essential for respiration, locomotion, capture of prey

43. Vertebrates • Phylum: Chordates • Fish • Amphibians • Reptiles • Birds • Mammals

44. H/W • Pg 679 1-8, 11,15,17, 25 • Pg 681 1-6 • Pg 711 10, 12, 24 • Pg 741 1, 4, 6, 9