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Cell Structures and Functions: A Comprehensive Guide

Learn about the essential structures and functions of plant and animal cells, including the cell wall, DNA, nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and more. Explore the differences between animal and plant cells, and discover the roles of organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes. This guide covers the cell theory, organelles, and important cell structures in an easy-to-understand format.

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Cell Structures and Functions: A Comprehensive Guide

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  1. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION NOTES

  2. Plant Cell cell wall DNA nucleolus cell membrane nucleus vacuole chloroplast mitochondrion ribosomes endoplasmic reticulum cell membrane mitochondrion nucleolus ribosomes vacuole lysosome endoplasmic reticulum cytoplasm nucleus Golgi complex DNA Animal Cell

  3. Animal Cell

  4. Plant Cell

  5. A. CELL THEORY 1) All living things are made of one or more cells. 2) Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. 3) Living cells come only from other living cells.

  6. B) ANIMAL VS. PLANT CELLS: No Cell wall Cell wall Small Vacuoles Large Vacuoles Large No Chloroplasts Chloroplasts

  7. C) SOME CELL TERMS & STRUCTURES: 1) ORGANELLES: • tiny organs in the cell. 2) CYTOPLASM: • fluid filling inside the cell membrane. • makes up the majority of cell’s mass.

  8. Organelles Cytoplasm

  9. 3) CELL MEMBRANE • controls movement of materials into and out of the cell • holds cell together Cell membrane Animal Cell

  10. 4) CELL WALL • found in plant cells not animal cells • provides strength and support for plant cells. • made of cellulose (long chains of sugar molecules)

  11. Cell wall Plant Cell Cell membrane

  12. D) ORGANELLES OF CELLS: • 1) Nucleus: • the control center of the cell • stores DNA (a) nucleolus - dark spot inside the nucleus, which makes ribosomes.

  13. (b) nuclear membrane - controls movement of materials in and out of nucleus. (c) DNA - stores information for making proteins

  14. Nucleus Animal Cell DNA Nucleolus Nuclear membrane

  15. 2) RIBOSOME tiny grain like particles usually found along the E.R. proteins are made here Ribosome Proteins Amino acids

  16. 3) Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): • makes lipids • the delivery system of the cell for compounds such as proteins through its tubular connections.

  17. Endoplasmic reticulum Endoplasmic reticulum Ribosomes Animal Cell

  18. Mitochondria Outer membrane Inner membrane chloroplast • 4) Mitochondria: • the “Power House” of the cell • releases energy packets of ATP for use in the cell.

  19. Mitochondria

  20. Chloroplast Outer membrane Inner membrane • 5) Chloroplast: • “Solar Panels” for capturing energy • they use energy from sunlight to make food in plant cells (i.e. glucose).

  21. Vacuole Chloroplast Mitochondria Plant Cell Cell membrane

  22. Vacuole Animal Cell Plant Cell • 6) Vacuole: • “Storage Tanks” of the cell • store water, food and waste.

  23. Golgi complex Animal Cell • 7) Golgi body: • packages and transports materials out of the cell.

  24. Vesicle with food Animal Cell Lysosome • 8) Lysosome: • “Clean-up and Recycling Crew” • digest food particles, wastes, cell parts, and foreign invaders.

  25. Summary of organelles and their functions

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