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FDR and the NEW DEAL. New Deal Programs Voices of Reaction 1936 Election New Deal Coalition Court Packing Plan Legacy?. NEW DEAL PROGRAMS. Federal Emergency Relief Adm. (FERA) $500 m., cash relief to unemployed Against work ethic, ended 1935 Federal Deposit Insurance (FDIC)
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FDR and the NEW DEAL New Deal Programs Voices of Reaction 1936 Election New Deal Coalition Court Packing Plan Legacy?
NEW DEAL PROGRAMS • Federal Emergency Relief Adm. (FERA) • $500 m., cash relief to unemployed • Against work ethic, ended 1935 • Federal Deposit Insurance (FDIC) • Fed insured bank deposits up to $5000 • Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) • Public power utilities in rural Tenn. Valley • Security and Exchange Com. (SEC) • Joseph Kennedy: oversaw stock & bond market • Businesses must publish financial report
VOICES OF REACTION • The Liberty League: conservative business • New Deal violates free enterprise • They called it “Communism.” Many Dems • Father Charles Coughlin: radio show • Populists: free silver, nationalize banks • Francis Townsend: old age pension • Over 65 gets $200 per month to spend • Huey Long: “Share the Wealth” • Home, car, radio, and income for all • Confiscate millionaire’s wealth
SECOND NEW DEAL • Democrats win 1935 mid-term elections huge • Works Progress Administration (WPA) • Harold Ickes: 10 years, $6 billion: major projects • Golden Gate, Boulder Dam, Key West road, • Social Security: 3 parts: pension over 65 • Unemployment, and welfare. Payroll tax “insurance” • Wagner Act: established union rights • Fair Labor Standards: minimum wage • African Americans: not benefited as well • But 40% do get aid, 70% vote Democratic • Eleanore Roosevelt: helped many groups • “My Day:” helped African Americans, more liberal
1936 ELECTION • Union Party: Lemke, Townsend, Coughlin • Republicans: Alfred Landon of Kansas • FDR Victory: 523 to 8 to O • New Deal Coalition: New Democratic Party • unions, blacks, city workers, rural farmers • Court Packing Plan: Supreme Court • 50 federal judges, 6 supreme justices • Failed, but wins in long term • Legacy: Evolution or Revolution? Reform • & relief, not recovery. New political coalition.