Introduction of System Engineering

1. Prof. Jer-Nan Juang Adjunct Professor National Taiwan University Introduction of System Engineering Prof. Jer-Nan Juang 09/25/2008 (GSC)

2. Outline • Definition of System Engineering • Systems Engineering Process Models • System Engineering Standards

3. Process Example: A Table of Delicious Dishes Customer Delivery Complaint: Bad Quality Business Behavior FQC : Final Quality Control Requirements: Eat Final Check Correction Design Behavior Recipe Discount Improvement Trash Market Packing Purchase Behavior IPQC: In Process Quality Control Monitoring & Measurement Test Bargain Resources: Facilities Cash Manpower Knowledge Parameters: Temperature;Taste Preparation: Equipment; Sauce IQC : Incoming Quality Control Production Behavior Rinse Cook

6. WBS Control Sheet WBS Title Owner Acting M-Y Cost Key Milestones SOW Deliverable Risk This Week Report Next Week Application WBS Title WBS Title Owner Acting Owner Acting M-Y Cost M-Y Cost Key Milestones Key Milestones Man-hours Spent Man-hours applied Cost Budget Applied Progress Report Work Description An Example of PDCA PLAN 2.1 BUS Account Manger Approval Subsystem 2.1.1 AOCS 2.1.2 EPS 2.1.3 RCS Application CI 2.1.3.1 Battery 2.1.3.2 PCDU 2.1.3.3 Solar Array DO ACT CHECK

7. Homework: System Process • Describe a system process to manufacture a product of your interest. • Describe a quality-control process for writing a technical report.

8. Definition of System Engineering

9. System Definitions • An integrated set of equipment, computer program, facilities, human and logistical support resources, and procedures which are assembled to accomplish a single purpose or mission (NASA/CSS) • A composite of equipment, skills, and techniques capable of performing and/or supporting and operational role (Army) • A complete solution to a defined need(s) in its full environment over a prescribed lifetime (TRW) Hardware Software Equipment Technical Data Facilities Personnel

10. Space Mission Architecture Mission Operations Subject Space Mission Concept Space Segment (P/L+S/C) Ground Segment Launch Segment Orbit and Constellation Command Control & Communications Architecture

11. The Space System Space System Launch Segment Space Segment Ground Segment

12. A Typical Space System Space System Launch Segment Space Segment Ground Segment Ground Handling Equipment Airborne Support Equipment Communi- cation Services Data Processing Facility Launch Facility Launch Vehicle Launch Control Flight Operations Spacecraft

13. What is the Systems Engineering ? The Orchestra Needs a Conductor and ...

14. What is the System Engineering? • A logical sequence of activities and decisions that transforms an operational need into a description of system performance parameters and a preferred system configuration. (MIL-STD-499A[5], Engineering Management, 1 May 1974. Now canceled.) • An interdisciplinary approach that encompasses the entire technical effort and evolves into and verifies an integrated and life-cycle balanced set of system people, products, and process solutions that satisfy customer needs. (EIA Standard IS-632, Systems Engineering, December 1994.) • An interdisciplinary, collaborative approach that derives, evolves, and verifies a life-cycle balanced system solution which satisfies customer expectations and meets public acceptability. (IEEE P1220, Standard for Application and Management of the Systems Engineering Process, [Final Draft], 26 September 1994.)

15. System Acquisition ? System Acquisition Through the Maze to System Acquisition

16. Systems Engineering(Basic Concept) Mission (A Large Problem) SYSTEMS ENGINEERING PROCESS (TO BE DECOMPOSED INTO AN INTEGRATED SET OF SMALL PROBLEMS) #1 #2 #3 #N TO BE SOLVED & EFFECTIVELY MANAGED TO PRODUCE AN OPTIMIZED SOLUTION

17. 10-15 yr 1-5 yr Testing & Operations National Policy 4-8 yr Mission Needs Determination System Development SE Technology Development Mission Analysis Concept Definition 2-5 yr 2-5 yr System Acquisition Cycle • Today’s pace systems are so complex that the time scale from inception to operation can be 10 to 20 years • System engineering participates in this “Womb-to-Tomb” process and provides to the program historical records of trade analyses, requirements traceability, performance verification, and system operations

18. SYSTEM NEED PAR CONCEPT DEFINION SYSTEM REQMTS ANALYSIS SRR OPERATIONS & MAINTENANCE SYSTEM ANAL & DESIGN SDR SUBSYST REQMTS ANAL ORR SYSTEM ACCEPT S/SRR SUBSYST ARCH DESIGN CA SYSTEM I&T SUBSYST DETAIL DESIGN PDR SUBSYST I&T SUBSYST IMPLEMEN- TATION S/STR TRR CDR System Acquisition Cycle (NASA) ACRONYMS: PAR - PROJECT APPROVAL REVIEW SRR - SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS REVIEW SDR - SYSTEM DESIGN REVIEW S/SDR - SUBSYSTEM DESIGN REVIEW PDR - PRELIMINARY DESIGN REVIEW CDR - CRITICAL DESIGN REVIEW TRR - TEST READINESS REVIEW S/STR - SUBSYSTEM TEST REVIEW STR - SYSTEM TEST REVIEW CA - CONFIGURATION AUDIT ORR - OPERATIONAL READINESS REVIEW

19. SE Role During Development Phases Program Phase Mission Definition SRR SDR PDR Requirements Development Mission Statement Mission Objectives Mission Area Analysis System Concept Development Operations Concept Development Technology Development RFP Preparation System Needs Preliminary Design CDR System Level Design Preliminary Requirements Mission Ops Analysis System Architecture Development Requirement Development Verification Planning Detailed Design PSR Requirements Baseline Preliminary Design Below System Level System Design Development Requirements Flowdown Development Specification Production and Test Design Baseline Detailed Design of Total System Design Review and Monitoring Fabrication & Assembly I&T System Sell-off Test Monitoring & Verification Post Launch Support System Engineering Role Operation & Maintenance On-Orbit Data Analysis & System Ops System Design

20. System Engineering Functions (Typical) SYSTEM ENGINEERING SYSTEM DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM DEFINITION SYSTEM ANALYSIS SYSTEM DESIGN SYSTEM VERIFICATION SYSTEM OPERATIONS • MISSION • DEFINITION • SYSTEM • REQUIREMENTS • FUNCTIONAL • DEFINITION/ • ALLOCATION • REQUIREMENTS • ALLOCATIONS/ • TRACEBILITY • SYSTEM/ • SEGMENT • SPECIFICATIONS • SYSTEM • EFFECTIVENESS • MISSION AND • OPS ANALYSIS • PERFORMANCE • ANALYSIS • UTILITY • ANALYSIS • CONFIGURATION • DESIGN TRADES • INTERFACE • ENGINEERING • TECHNICAL • PERFORMANCE • MEASUREMENT • DESIGN REVIEW/ • EVALUATION • RISK • MANAGEMENT • METHODOLOGY/ • PLANS • VERIFICATION • REQUIREMENTS • ANALYSIS, • SIMULATION, • TEST PLAN • VALIDATION • AND • ACCEPTANCE • METHODOLOGY • DEVELOPMENT • PLAN AND • ARCHITECTURE • DATA • PROCESSING • REQUIREMENTS • INTERFACE • DEFINITION • AND CONTROL • DATA BASE/ • DEFINTION • AND CONTROL • MISSION/ • SYSTEM • OPERATIONS • CONCEPT AND • REQUIREMENTS • OPERATIONS • PLANS • PROCEDURES • VALIDATION • SIMULATION • AND TRAINING • PLANS • INTEGRATED • LOGISTICS • PLANS

21. System Hierarchy SYSTEM FORMOSAT-1 • One project’s system is another • project’s component SEGMENT SPACE/GROUND TYPICAL SOFTWARE NOTATION ELEMENT SPACECRAFT/PAYLOAD SUBSYSTEM SUBSYSTEM EPS/TT&C INTEGRATED CSCIs COMPONENT COMPONENT CSCI BATTERY/ANTENNA SUBASSEMBLY MODULE EXAMPLE CSU PART PROCEDURE/ROUTINE CU HARDWARE SOFTWARE

22. Holistic Thinking versus Local Thinking… Innovation Associates 0943-98 22

23. Systems Engineering - Process Models

24. Systems Engineering Process Models • Software System • Waterfall Model • Spiral Model • Enterprise System • Vee Model • Typical SE Model • SIMILAR • ANSI/EIA 632

25. Waterfall Model By Royce in 1970

26. Spiral Model By Boehm in 1988

27. Vee Model By Forberg and Mooz in 1992

28. Vee Model

29. Typical Systems Engineering Process SE management guide, DSMC, Jan 1990

30. Systems Engineering Process

31. SIMILAR Process By Bahill and Gissing in 1998

32. SE Process in ANSI/EIA 632 ANSI: American National Standards Insitute EIA: Electronic Industries Alliance

33. 33 Process Requirements Specified by ANSI/EIA 632

34. System Engineering - Standards

35. History of SE

36. Evolution of Systems Engineering Standards