1 / 36

Physical Examination of Cattle

Physical Examination of Cattle. Douglas E. Hostetler DVM, MS. Indications:. When an individual animal requires examination to allow diagnosis and treatment for an illness Examination of a representative sample of animals to investigate a herd outbreak of disease

esme
Download Presentation

Physical Examination of Cattle

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Physical Examination of Cattle Douglas E. Hostetler DVM, MS

  2. Indications: • When an individual animal requires examination to allow diagnosis and treatment for an illness • Examination of a representative sample of animals to investigate a herd outbreak of disease • Evaluation prior to completing health certificates for intrastate or interstate transport

  3. Procedure: • Develop a systematic procedure for performing a complete physical examination • Personalized • Prevents omission of important information • Enables easier recall of abnormal findings

  4. Dr. Hostetler’s Physical Examination • Observe 1st from a distance • Demeanor • Level of alertness • Responsiveness • Segregation from herdmates • Not possible in a referral situation

  5. Visual Observation: • Proprioception • Strength • Lameness • Head and neck position • Udder symmetry • BCS

  6. Examination: • Restraint • Chute • Halter • Headgate • Ganglock

  7. Examination: • Collect data most affected by sympathetic tone first • Urine Sample for Multistick analysis • Rumination Rate • Heart Rate • Respiratory Rate

  8. Urine Collection: • Gently rub the escutcheon in an upward motion • Perineal region from udder to Ventral commissure of the vulva • Do not hold the tail! • Collect sample in a clean container • Insert thermometer following urine collection • Some Normal Values • pH 8 • Glucose Neg • Ketone Neg • Protein Neg-trace

  9. Start on the Left • From the rear forward

  10. Rumination Rate • Listen, count and record the primary and secondary rumen contractions over two full minutes • Mid Left Paralumbar Fossa • Normal 1-2 per Minute

  11. Direct Heart Rate, Rhythm and Sounds • Left side • Intercostal Spaces 3-5 • Behind the elbow • Normal Rate? • 48-84 Adults • 70-100 Calves

  12. Respiratory Rate and Lung Sounds • Rate can be evaluated by observation of chest excursions • Normal 26-50 • Sounds (triangle) • Point of elbow • T13 at Transverse Processes • Caudal to triceps • Acoustic Percussion • Dullness Dorsal to the Heart Shadow? • SQ Emphysema Dorsally? • Reach up and feel for it

  13. Peripheral Lymph Nodes • Prescapular • Prefemoral • Supramammary • Parotid • Submandibular

  14. Superficial Veins • Jugular • Pulses? • Distension • Caudal Superficial Epigastric • Distension? • Swelling?

  15. Abdominal Auscultation and Percussion • Simultaneous Auscultation and Percussion • “Pinging” • Entire Abdomen

  16. Abdominal Auscultation and Percussion • Simultaneous Auscultation and Percussion • “Pinging” • Entire Abdomen

  17. Left limbs and Udder • Swelling of the limbs? • Fore and Rear • Palpate left quarters of the mammary gland • Heat • Hardness (swelling) • Edema • Teat lesions

  18. Proceed to Right Side

  19. Heart Sounds • Right AV Valve Area • 3rd to 5th Intercostal Space • Murmurs?

  20. Respiratory System • Mirror Image of Left Thorax • Crackles • Wheezes • No sounds • Emphysema

  21. Peripheral Lymph Nodes • Prescapular • Prefemoral • Supramammary • Parotid • Submandibular

  22. Superficial Veins • Jugular • Pulses? • Distension • Caudal Superficial Epigastric • Distension? • Swelling?

  23. Abdominal Auscultation and Percussion • Simultaneous Auscultation and Percussion • “Pinging” • Entire Abdomen

  24. Abdominal Auscultation and Percussion • Simultaneous Auscultation and Percussion • “Pinging” • Entire Abdomen

  25. Right Limbs and Udder • Swelling of the limbs? • Fore and Rear • Palpate left quarters of the mammary gland • Heat • Hardness (swelling) • Edema • Teat lesions

  26. Collection of Milk • California Mastitis Test • Relative concentration of somatic sells in the milk • 2 ml Milk from each quarter • Add Reagent • Look for coagulation • Negative • Trace • 1 • 2 • 3 http://www.infovets.com/demo/demo/dairy/D100.HTM

  27. Rectal Examination Reproductive Tract Male Intrapelvic penis Prostate Seminal vessicles Ampullae Internal inguinal rings Internal iliac lymph nodes Sublumbar lymph nodes • Female • Vaginal wall • Cervix • Uterine Body • Uterine Horns • Oviducts • Ovaries • Bursae • Internal iliac lymph nodes • Sublumbar lymph nodes

  28. Rectal Examination • Intra-abdominal Urinary System • Left kidney • Ureters • Bladder

  29. Rectal Examination • Digestive System • Right Cranial • Abomasum • Central • Small intestines • Left • Rumen • Dorsal sac

  30. Vaginal Examination • If indicated by the rectal examination or history

  31. Examination of the Head • Eyes • Enophthalmus • Exophthalmus • Discharge • Corneal Opacity • Lenticular Opacity • Scleral Injection • Pupillary Light Response • Masses

  32. Examination of the Head • Nares • Discharge • Unilateral/Bilateral • Plaques • Erosions • Hemorrhage/ Epistaxis • Flaring

  33. Examination of the Head • Oral Cavity • Dentition • Erosions • Vesicles • Masses • Blunted Oral Papillae

  34. Examination of the Head • Cursory Cranial Nerve Examination • 1-8 • Submandibular Region • Lymph Nodes • Edema • Brisket • Swelling • Edema

  35. Questions?

More Related