1 / 35

The Physical Examination Cattle - II

The Physical Examination Cattle - II. Procedures . Equipment . • Halter • Watch • Stethoscope • Large animal thermometer • Black plate • CMT paddle & solution. Equipment cont. • Flashlight • Rectal sleeve • Betadine & lube • Ketone powder/stick • 18-16g 1 inch needle Alcohol.

krysta
Download Presentation

The Physical Examination Cattle - II

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Physical ExaminationCattle - II

  2. Procedures

  3. Equipment • Halter • Watch • Stethoscope • Large animal thermometer • Black plate • CMT paddle & solution

  4. Equipment cont. • Flashlight • Rectal sleeve • Betadine & lube • Ketone powder/stick • 18-16g 1 inch needle • Alcohol

  5. Equipment cont. • Mouth gag • Frick speculum • Stomach tube • Funnel/pump • Rope

  6. Equipment cont. • New methylene blue • Slides • Blood collection vials • Balling gun • Nose lead

  7. Basics • Begins before touching animal – Don’t get focused on one abnormality • Consistent routine – Avoid becoming sidetracked – Miss other abnormalities • Done by regions, not systems • Modified if no restraint & fractious animal

  8. Physical Examination (PE) • Proper restraint ! • Tail tone & perineal reflex • Rectal temperature • Pulse (coccygeal artery) • Skin & hair coat • Vulva mucous membranes • Urine sample

  9. Urine sample • http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=2526123288783033228 • http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=2965268262150259000

  10. Normal Values Rectal Temperature °F °C    • Beef cow 101 38.3 • Dairy cow 101.5 38.6 • Young calf 101.8–102.2 38.8–39 • Young cattle1yr 101.3 – 104.9 38.5–40.5 • Cattle > 1 year 101.3–104 38.5–40

  11. Normal Values • Heart rate: 40-80/min • Calf: first days of birth 116 – 141 • Calf: 8-14 days old 108 • Calf: 1 month old 105 • Calf: 2 months 101 • Calf: 3 months 99 • Calf: 6 months 96 • Young cattle ~ 1 yr 91 • Cow/ Ox: Adult 70-90

  12. Normal Values • Respiratory Rate: 10–30/ min • Calf: 4 days 56 • Calf: 14 days 50 • Calf: 5 weeks 37 • Young cattle: 6 months 30 • Young cattle: 1 yr 27 • Cattle adult 12-16

  13. Left neck • Skin – hydration Edema: bottle jaw/ brisket edema • Left jugular vein/mammary vein: distended? • Trachea & Larynx – Auscult & compress • Thyroid glands – Not normally palpable • Left superficial cervical lymph node

  14. Left thorax Heart (3rd – 6th ICS) – Apex: caudal to the elbow, 6th ICS Base: cranial elbow – auscult – note intensity, location, thrills – rate (40-80/min) – compare heart with pulse rate – cardiac rhythm – valve locations • PAM: 3rd, 4th (shoulder), 5th ICS

  15. CVS - Disease • Tachycardia: Infectious disease • Bradycardia: Vagal indigestion • Muffled heart sounds: pericardial and pleural effusion   • Fevers: Bacterial endocarditis and some cases of lymphosarcoma • Murmurs: most common cause is bacterial endocarditis: primarily in tricuspid valve than mitral valve on the left.  • Secondary to GI diseases such as "hardware", traumatic reticulopericarditis: Muffled heart sounds with or without a washing machine-like murmur, distended jugular veins, jugular pulse and brisket edema • Atrial fibrillation causes a irregularly, irregular heart beat, and is generally associated with a GI problem such as an LDA.

  16. Left thorax • Respiratory system • Auscult: smaller area 11th rib • Normal lung sounds: louder on inspiration than expiration (loudest in the ventral lung fields).  • Hold nostrils for better auscult • Pneumonia (consolidated lung): increased sounds in ventral lung field.  • Crackles and wheezes are abnormal lung sounds.  • Palpate the tracheal to try and induce a cough. 

  17. Left foreleg • Inspection & palpation • Note if any evidence of: – heat – pain – swelling – redness – skin temperature

  18. Left Abdominal area • Rumen • inspection, palpation • auscult – frequency & character • Ping (fluid-gas) • Abomasum: LDA • Rumen: normal unless otherwise (palpate for rumen) • 1-3/minute • 1º rumen/reticulum • 2º rumen only

  19. Pinch and Grunt Tests • Withers scootch test (Pinch) • Normal: flex back ventrally when her withers are pinched as seen above. • Abnormal: not flex ventrally – GI pain • hardware, abomasal ulcers, or distention of the small intestine with gas • Grunt test • Plank/ hand and knee on xiphoid • Pain: cow grunts (auscult trachea inspiration), kicks, or acts uncomfortable

  20. Back • Mammary lymph nodes • Shape & symmetry of abdomen/thorax Pear; Abnormal: apple/papple • Feces • Mammary glands • Milk samples • Subcutaneous abdominal veins

  21. Black cup CMT results

  22. Foul smell and necrotic odor • Arcanobacterium pyogenes • (another)anaerobe • Watery milk, swollen udder • Coliforms • Watery and red, sick cow • Staph aureus: poor prognosis • Subclinical mastitis: contagious organisms:Staphylococcus aureus, • Streptococcus agalactia, Mycoplasma bovis • Clinical mastitis: • Environmental organisms: Strep. nonag. Group:50% • Coliform organisms (Eschericia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter sp., etc.) • 90% of the time

  23. Right Thorax • Heart (apex 6th ICS) • Triscuspid: 3rd ICS • Respiratory system

  24. Right neck Jugular vein Jugular Refill • Superficial prescapular • lymph node • Pre-femoral

  25. Right Abdomen • GI • Pings • Normal: cecum, spiral colon, small intestine, duodenum, uterus (after calving), peritoneum, rectum • Abnormal: • distended or displaced cecum • RDA and RTA (right abomasal torsion) cranial to the 8th to 10th rib • Liver • Fatty liver

  26. Right Foreleg • Inspection & palpation • Note if any evidence of: – heat – pain – swelling – redness – skin temperature

  27. Head • Posture of head & ears – Neurological dz • Symmetry • Facial expression • Eye movements • Nostrils – Discharge, odor, ulcers

  28. Rectal Examination • Last to avoid pneumorectum • Presence & consistency of manure • Pressure • Pelvic bones • Left • Rumen – size, position, • Left Kidney – size, position, pain

  29. Rectal cont. • Females - cervix, vagina, uterus, ovaries Males – base of penis, accessory sex glands, internal inguinal rings Urolithiasis – size of ureters? Pulsations? • Right - abnormal vicera, distended spiral colon, cecum, small intestines

  30. Vaginal Examination • Pre-calving • Post calving • Before rectal examination • Wash • Note for any evidence of: – Tears – vaginal & cervical – Retained fetal membranes – Metritis

  31. Palpation pregnant cow

  32. Palpation pregnant cow

  33. Palpation pregnant cow

  34. Vaginal Exam • Cervix predominantly pelvic and freely movable • Normal nonpregnant uterus • Pregnancies up to 60 to 70 days • Postparturient involution more than 14 days after parturition • Pyometra and hydrometra with exudates or secretion <2 liters • Chronic metritis without appreciable accumulation of exudates • Cervix abdominal and fixed • Pregnancies after 70 days • Uninvoluted postpartum tract • Pyometra and hydrometra with exudates >2 liters • Extensive adhesions • Tumors (Lymphosarcoma)

More Related