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Trees Pests and D iseases

Trees Pests and D iseases. Developed by: Janet Anastasi , Master Gardener Volunteer Frank Reilly , Advanced Master Gardener & Tree Steward Leslie Paulson , Advanced Master Gardener & Tree Steward With input from Page Thacker , Unit Coordinator & Extension Agent And the

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Trees Pests and D iseases

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  1. Trees Pests and Diseases Developed by: Janet Anastasi, Master Gardener Volunteer Frank Reilly, Advanced Master Gardener & Tree Steward Leslie Paulson, Advanced Master Gardener & Tree Steward With input from Page Thacker, Unit Coordinator & Extension Agent And the Prince William County Tree Team http://advancedmastergardener.org/public.htm

  2. Trees Pests and DiseasesEnvironmental and other Non-Living Factors Developed by: Janet Anastasi, Master Gardener Volunteer in cooperation with: Chuck Hoysa, Past Extension Agent and Soil & Water Conservation District Educator Joe Murray, Consulting Arborist and Assistant Professor of Biology Arboriculture Program Director, Blue Ridge Community College Mila Pearce, IPM Diagnostic Lab, & Gary Peiffer, County Extension Agent, The University of Georgia Cooperative Extension

  3. Environmental Factors

  4. Why Plant a Tree? • Provide shade • Provide aesthetics in the landscape • Improve air quality • Reduce storm-water runoff and improve water quality • Create wildlife habitat • Reduce noise levels • Provide screening and privacy

  5. Tree Roots – where they are?

  6. TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION DAMAGE Environmental Changes • Soil compaction • Excessive thinning • Moisture stress • Soil fill • Soil cuts

  7. Soil Compaction Causes: • Running of heavy equipment over root zones • Piling of debris on top of tree roots • Parking under a tree

  8. Soil Contamination Prevent soil contamination that can damage or kill trees! • Watch out for fuel leaks. • Do not allow on-site paint dumping. • Plan for cement or mortar wash out areas. Is this a good home building site?

  9. Site Factors Environmental Conditions • Light patterns • Temperature extremes • Precipitation • Wind patterns • Air quality

  10. Site Factors Soil characteristics • Texture • Compaction • Moisture & drainage • Fertility and pH • Temperature • Contamination • Salt

  11. Non-Living Factors • Nutrient Deficiency • Water Stress • Temperature Stress • Other

  12. What is the Right Tree? • Growth factors • Soil requirements • Other Environmental requirements • Maintenance requirements

  13. Right Tree Other environmental factors • Hardiness zone • Wind and storm damage • Light requirements • Pollution tolerance • Insect and disease tolerance

  14. Tree Care after Construction • Aerate or use other soil alteration methods to re-introduce oxygen and reduce compaction. • Water deeply – to encourage new root development and reduce tree stress. • Inspect frequently – look for visible signs of insect or disease attack. • Mulch – them well but correctly! • Fertilize – in a year or two after they have recovered from construction stress.

  15. Non-living and Cultural Factors • Can be tricky to diagnose • Good to know what is ‘normal’ • Knowledge of past weather conditions • Knowledge of past cultural practices • Often referred to as disorders

  16. Chlorosis • Yellow leaves with green veins • Indicates nutrient deficiency • Can be a fertilizer or pH problem • Can affect all trees - • pin oak - dogwood

  17. Leaf Scorch • Lack of water • Common on newly planted trees • Can occur on established trees during drought • Common on trees with restricted roots

  18. Winter Damage • Timing is key • Late winter, early spring, before new growth emerges • Most common on broad leaf evergreens • Can show up as leaf scorch, dead branches

  19. Herbicide Damage • Knowledge of use • Distorted growth, especially at growing points • Most susceptible in spring as new growth emerges • Damage can be widespread

  20. Needle Shedding • Common on pines, especially white pine • Also occurs on other evergreens • Knowledge of plant is helpful • Look at other plants in neighborhood

  21. Trees Diseases Developed by: Frank Reilly, Advanced Master Gardener Volunteer in cooperation with: Chuck Hoysa, Past Extension Agent and Soil & Water Conservation District Educator Joe Murray, Consulting Arborist and Assistant Professor of Biology Arboriculture Program Director, Blue Ridge Community College Mila Pearce, IPM Diagnostic Lab, & Gary Peiffer, County Extension Agent, The University of Georgia Cooperative Extension

  22. Conditions Necessary for Plant Disease Pathogen Susceptible Host Telephone call to Cooperative Extension! Favorable Environment

  23. Take Home Message • Right Plant Right Place • If you paid attention to the rest of these classes you can ignore most of the rest of this talk.

  24. Diagnosis • Accurately ID the plant – THE MOST important step! • Look for patterns of abnormalities

  25. Diagnosis • Examine the site

  26. Diagnosis • Look at the foliage

  27. Diagnosis • Look at the trunk and branches

  28. Diagnosis • Look at the roots and root collar

  29. Diagnosis Symptoms vs. signs • Symptoms - expressions of disease initiation that differentiate them from healthy plants nearby • Signs - vegetative or fruiting (reproductive) structures of the organism that is causing the disease

  30. Disease Symptoms • Spots - circular or irregular lesions on leaves, flowers, and stems • Blights - sudden death of leaves, flowers, and twigs • Galls - abnormal growths or swelling • Cankers - dead places on bark and stems • Rots - general decomposition of tissue

  31. Insect DamageLeslie will talk about this • Some insect damage can look like disease • Sooty mold - grows on honeydew • Scales, mealybugs, mites, adelgids, borers can all cause damage that looks like disease

  32. Top 10 Diseases You are “likely” to encounter.

  33. Powdery mildews: *Found world wide *Over 7000 species *Gymnosperms are not infected *Obligate parasites Powdery mildews: Found world wide Over 7000 species Gymnosperms are not infected Obligate parasites Favorable conditions: *Dry, warm days *Cool nights *Water inhibits germination, but humidity does not

  34. Anthracnose: Fungal disease of a wide variety of broad-leaved trees causing symptoms that vary from small necrotic leaf spots to blight of leaves.

  35. Primary causal agents: Colletotrichum Kabetiella Phyllosticta Gloeosporium Discula many more…..

  36. Discula on Dogwood

  37. Discula petal blight Dieback caused by Discula

  38. Control:Anthracnose on some species is not warranted because of location or the disease presents no long term damage. Maintain tree vigor with proper watering, fertilization, good drainage, etc.Valuable shade trees may be pruned to reduce severity and increase life span of the tree.

  39. Septoria leaf spot - circular spots formed when a fungus attacks at bud break. Control should therefore be attempted at that time. Septoria species attack a wide variety of trees.

  40. Fire blight - common to several Prunus species greatest damage on apples, crabapples and pears

  41. Symptomology: Sudden blighting, death of blooms Bacterial ooze may be visible Blighted leaves stay attached Forms shepard’s crook

  42. Control: Plant tolerant varieties Prune infected branches Disinfect pruning tools Maintain plant vigor Control insect vectors Sprayed on antibiotics are also recommended but they are very costly and the coverage and timing are the keys to any success.

  43. Cankers and Galls on trunks/branches - Seiridium Canker Distinct, sunken lesions which lead to dieback and death

  44. Spores are dispersed throughout the summer, but infection periods are unknown Dieback is from the inside out Hosts include : Oriental arborvitae Baldcypress Arizona cypress Italian cypress Leyland cypress Junipers

  45. Flattened cankers are associated with bleeding and resin. Control: Remove cankers in winter Do not prune in May or June Increase plant health No chemicals available

  46. Phomopsis Tip Blight – Disease of conifers causing needle cast, dieback, and death of highly susceptible trees.

  47. Control: Fungicides can be effective if applied according to label directions. Pruning branches will limit inoculum build-up.

  48. Black Knot Common gall on cherries, plums, and peaches. Symptoms include dieback of branches, thin crowns, and gnarly black galls on trunk or branches. Control: Prune branch galls six to eight inches below infection. It is impractical to remove trunk galls.

  49. Wetwood and Slimeflux Caused by bacteria. Hosts: Oaks Popular Elms Other symptoms: fermentation smell, swarming insects

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