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Interception on trees, impermeable surfaces

Vadose zone. Soil B horizon. Stream. Aquifer. Hydrologic Cycle. Baseflow to streams depletes water in aquifer. Recharge reaches the water table. Overland flow during heavy rain. Rain stops. Evaporation removes intercepted water. Overland + Interflow = Stormflow. Stream level rises.

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Interception on trees, impermeable surfaces

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  1. Vadose zone Soil B horizon Stream Aquifer Hydrologic Cycle Baseflow to streams depletes water in aquifer Recharge reaches the water table Overland flow during heavy rain Rain stops Evaporation removes intercepted water Overland + Interflow = Stormflow. Stream level rises Rainfall Baseflow and ET continue until next rainfall Evapotranspiration (ET) from plants removes water from soil Water table rises Interflow downslope along B horizon Interception on trees, impermeable surfaces Infiltration into soil Groundwater flow from recharge area to stream water table

  2. Hydrogeologic Regions Geologic controls on • Porosity and hydraulic conductivity • Layering, structure, and aquifer type • Water chemistry • Well yield

  3. Limestone Appalachian Sedimentary Rock Piedmont Crystalline rock Coastal Plain Sand + clay Floridan Limestone Hydro-geology of the Southeast Ground Water Atlas http://capp.water.usgs.gov/gwa/gwa.html

  4. Fractured crystalline rock

  5. Saprolite: K: 10-6-10-5 m/s S: 0.1-0.4 Transition Fractured metamorphic and igneous rock K: 10-11-10-3 m/s T: 1-100 m2/day S: 10-3 -10-4

  6. R: 0.2 m/yr Hydrogeologic Conceptual Model

  7. Fractured Rock Aquifers in Piedmont • K: 10-5-10-6 m/s bulk fractured rock Compare to 10-10 to 10-11 m/s for intact samples • T: 10-100 m2/day • Recharge: 0.03-0.3 m/yr • Well Yield: 30-300 gpm

  8. Atlantic Coastal Plain

  9. Coastal Plain Santee River Delta

  10. Sand and clay

  11. Atlantic Coastal Plain Columbia Myrtle Beach Sand clay

  12. Flowing wells Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio, Texas Roswell Basin, NM, 3600 gpm

  13. Coastal Plain Clastic Aquifers • T: 500-10,000 m2/day • Recharge: 0.05-0.5 m/yr • Well Yield: 100-5000 gpm

  14. Limestone Appalachian Sedimentary Rock Piedmont Crystalline rock Coastal Plain Sand + clay Floridan Limestone Floridan Aquifer Ground Water Atlas http://capp.water.usgs.gov/gwa/gwa.html

  15. Floridan Limestone Aquifer

  16. Cave stream Dissolution

  17. Limestone aquifer

  18. Floridan Aquifer • T: 1000-100,000 m2/day • Recharge: 0.03-0.5 m/yr • Well Yield: 1000-20,000 gpm

  19. Comparison of SE Regions RegionT (m2/day)Recharge (m/yr)Qwell (gpm) Piedmont 1-100 0.03-0.3 10-100 Coastal Plain Clastic 500-10,000 0.05-0.5 100-5000 Floridan Limestone 1,000-100,000 0.03-0.5 1000-20,000

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