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Grammar

Grammar. The use of “it”. 一、 it 作人称代词. 1. it 的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复 : Xi’an is a beautiful city, isn’t it? 2. 也可以指动物或婴儿 ( 未知性别的婴儿或孩子 ): Is this your dog ？ No, it isn’t. 3. 起指示代词的作用 , 指一个人或事物。 — Who is knocking at the door ？ ---- It ’s me. 区别 it, one, the one, that.

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Grammar

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  1. Grammar The use of “it”

  2. 一、it 作人称代词 1. it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复: Xi’an is a beautiful city, isn’t it? 2. 也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子): Is this your dog？No, it isn’t. 3.起指示代词的作用, 指一个人或事物。 — Who is knocking at the door？ ----It’s me.

  3. 区别it, one, the one, that • We’ve been looking at houses but haven’t found _____ we like yet. A.one B. that C. it D. them (2005浙江) • Few pleasures can equal ____ of a cool drink on a hot day. A. ones B. it C. that D.those (1999全国) • I’m moving into the countryside because the air there is much fresher than ______ in the city. A. that B. one C. it D. the one (2005江苏) • I like this book better than _____ I read yesterday. A. the one B. one C. it D. ones (2005湖北) • I saw no more than one clock in that shop. Will you go and buy___? A.some B. one C. any D. it A C A A D

  4. 二、it作非人称代词 it有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等，称为非人称的it： 1.指天气： It is a lovely day, isn’t it? It is a bit windy. 2. 指时间: It was nearly midnight when she came back. 3. 指环境: It was very quiet in the café. 4. 指距离： It is half an hour’s walk to the city centre from my home.

  5. 5. 指日期： --What's the date today? --It's May 1, 2007. 6. 指季节： It is summer now. 7. 指度量： It is about 5 kilograms. 8. 指价值： ----What's the cost of the T-shirt? ----It is 150 yuan.

  6. 三、it用作形式主语 替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。

  7. 1. 代作主语的动词不定式 （1）It be adj.（for sb.）to do sth. 此处adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词：easy，difficult，hard，necessary，unnecessary，possible，impossible，likely，unlikely，right，wrong，important，unimportant，legal，illegal，well-mannered，ill-mannered，polite，impolite，clear，obvious，certain，suitable，proper，fit，useful，useless，dangerous… It is illegal（for a teenager）to drive a car without a license.

  8. （2）It be adj. of sb. to do sth. 此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词：kind，unkind，nice，rude，cruel，considerate，thoughtful，thoughtless，careful，careless，silly，foolish，stupid，clever，wise，crazy. It's kind of you to help me with the problem. 注：此结构中表语也 可是名词。 It is great honor for /to me to be invited to give a speech here.

  9. 2. It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型 It's no good/use doing… It's（well）worth doing… It's（well）worth one's while doing/to do… It's（well）worth while doing/ to do It's no use crying over spilt milk.

  10. 3. it作形式主语替代主语从句 ①It is adj. +clause It is clear ( obvious，true，possible, certain …) that ... 该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为“清楚（显然, 真的……）”　 是主语从句最常见的一种结构。例如： It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree. 注：若此处形容词为 important/necessary/natural/strange等形容词时， 从句要用虚拟语气，形式为（ should)+do

  11. ②It is v-ed that…=sb./sth. is v-ed to do It is said (reported/ learned/believed /thought/known/told/hoped.....) that ... 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句；该结构常译为“据说（据报道，据悉．．．）”。 It is said that he has come to Beijing. (=He is said to have come to Beijing.) It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit. 注：如果此处分词属于1245之列，从句中要用 虚拟语气，形式为（should)+do

  12. ③ It is + noun +从句 It is a pity (a shame /an honor /a good thing/a fact /a surprise/... ) that ... 该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。例如： It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！ It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！

  13. 四、it作形式宾语 1.主+谓+it+补语+to do /doing/that clause 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面，而用it 作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。 该句型中的it 作形式宾语，常用的动词有think, believe, make, find, consider, feel等。 补语可能是形容词、名词、介词短语。

  14. I think it no use arguing with him. 我认为和他争吵没有用。 I found it very interesting to study English.我发现学英语非常有趣。 He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject. 他非常清楚地表示他对那门学科不感兴趣。 He took it for granted that English could be learned easily. 他想当然地认为英语很好学。 asily

  15. 2.主+谓+it+宾（that/if/when clause)常用动词有以下三种 1.Like/love/appreciate/hate/dislike etc+it +that/when/if I would appreciate it if you could come to my party. 2.See to/count on/depend on/insist on/answer for +it+that She will see to it that he goes ahead. 3.have(表明）take(认为）hide(隐瞒）publish(公布）put(表达）+it+that We published it that we had completed the project ahead of time.

  16. 五、用于强调句型中 It is/was  + 被强调部分 + that/who ... It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ... I met Tom in the parkyesterday. 1) It wasI who/thatmet Tom in the park yesterday. 2) It wasTomwho/that I met in the park yesterday. 3) It wasin the parkthat I met Tom yesterday. 4) It was yesterday that I met Tom in the park. when It was five o’clock _________I got home. It was at five o’clock_______ I got home. that

  17. 强调句用以强调主语，宾语，介词宾语以及状语。（强调人时用that和who ／whom皆可） It was she who ／that had been wrong． 是她错了。 ( ) It was the girl whom ／that I met just now． 我刚才遇见的就是这个女孩。 ( ) It was Tom to whom the teacher had talked． 老师与其谈话的那个人是汤姆。 （ ） It was on Monday night that all this happened． 所有这一切就是在星期一的晚上发生的。（ ） 主语 宾语 介词宾语 状语

  18. It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ... 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语 “直到……才……”，可以说是not ... until ... 的强调形式。例如: It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.

  19. 六、It 常用的固定搭配 • make it • （1）在口语当中相当于succeed，表示：成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达 例 • It's hard to make it to the top in show business. • （2）在口语中相当于fix the date for，表示“约定好时间”例  • —Shall we meet next week？ • —OK. We just make it next Saturday.

  20. 2.catch it 被责骂; 受处罚 e.g. If I come home late I’ll catch it from my mother. 如果我回家晚了, 我妈妈会骂我。 You’ll catch it because of your carelessness. 你会因为你的不小心受处罚的。

  21. 3. take it easy 相当于Don‘t worry or don’t hurry. 用来劝告别人，表示“不要慌，别担心，沉住气” Take it easy！ He will do it well. 4. It all depends=that all depends 在口语中，相当于it hasn‘t been decided yet，表示“那得看情况，还没有定下来”   —Are you going to the countryside for holiday？ —It/That all depends. 5. It's up to sb. 在口语中，相当于it's decided by sb. 表示“由……决定，由……负责，取决于……” —Shall we go out for dinner？ —It's up to you.

  22. It 常用的固定搭配2 • Believe it or not. • Don’t mention it. • It’s my pleasure. • Forget it. • It doesn’t matter. • Got it. • Watch it.

  23. 7. It的一些习惯用法 • How is it with your study? 学习好吗？ • That’s it . 这就对了。 • It went hard with him. 他身遇不幸。 • It is all over with me. 我完蛋了。 • We must fight it out.我们必须坚持到底。 • I can’t help it. 我没有办法。

  24. 高考实例 I. 单项选择 1. He didn’t make ____ clear when and where the meeting would be held. (天津) A. this B. that C. it D. these 2. ____ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. (浙江) A. As B. That C. This D. It

  25. 3. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but ______ didn’t help. (全国卷III) A. it B. she C. which D. he 4. I’d appreciate ______ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. (山东) A. that B. it C. this D. you

  26. II. 单句改错 下面的句子选自高考试题的改错部分，用你的火眼金睛把错误找出来吧！ 1. You won’t find difficult to get to the city center. (全国卷IV) 2. I know there is not easy to be a teacher. (湖北) 3. This is not surprising that the Silver Ghost was regarded as “the best car in the world”. find后加it there → it This → It

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