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Presentation Skills

Presentation Skills. Bridget Fraser. "There are only two types of speakers in the world. 1. The nervous and 2. Liars. " - Mark Twain. Overview. Planning a presentation Preparing for delivery Psychology Lecture room Projection Delivery The PowerPoint deck Structure Text

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Presentation Skills

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  1. Presentation Skills Bridget Fraser

  2. "There are only two types of speakers in the world. 1. The nervous and 2. Liars. " - Mark Twain

  3. Overview Planning a presentation Preparing for delivery Psychology Lecture room Projection Delivery The PowerPoint deck • Structure • Text • Graphics • Tables, Figures, Charts • The 7 Deadly Sins

  4. Planning a presentation Purpose • What is the purpose? • Who is your target audience? • What are the important take-home messages? • Do you know what you’re talking about? Style • Talk, chalk’n talk, overheads, PowerPoint deck? • How much time are you allotted?

  5. Know your audience Will they understand what you’re saying? • culture, age, gender, politics, education • type of information they can understand • background information • words / visuals they can understand • technical jargon, acronyms • formulas, graphs, charts

  6. Timing How much time are you allotted? 10-15% for intro and conclusion 1 idea per slide # slides < # minutes How many take home messages? > 3-4 min. per objective Question period?

  7. Preparing for delivery “Preparation is the greatest substitute for talent.” Practice, practice, practice Feedback from practice audiences Tape recorder, videotape, mirror Time yourself

  8. Psychology • You are the subject matter expert. Don’t fear • your audience. Be confident! • Look in control … even if you’re not • Don’t start with an apology • If you notice a mistake on your slide … • don’t mention it • Have fun / Have a sense of humor / Roll with the punches • People spend most of their time worrying about things that will never happen

  9. Lecture room Know your room • switches • A/V console • internet • props (laser, pointer, chalk, markers, water) Lighting • too bright -> image washout • too dark -> ZZZ Audio • room acoustics • microphone?

  10. Data Projectors Image size, focus Resolution • 800x600 (SVGA) • 1024x768 (XGA) • 1280x1024 (SXGA) Keystoning

  11. Laptop Projector connection VGA: DVI: Laptop video out Ctrl-Alt-Shift-F5 + stand on left foot + rub belly Resolution match projector Display mode presenter notes Battery / power cord Sleep mode / Power Save Mac vs. PC compatibility

  12. Ethanol as an alternative fuel

  13. Props Pointer • reach? • shadow • motion, floor-tapping Laser pointer • eye tracking • aim, move slowly, avoid doodling • red (650 nm) vsgreen (532 nm, 60 x brighter) • BYO, BYOBatteries Presentation remote • built-in mouse / laser pointer

  14. Effectiveness of communication

  15. Delivery Eye contact • them, not the screen, not your feet • work the room • don’t stare Voice • Projection • Orientation • Pitch • Speed • Fillers umm, ahh, OK, so, YKWIM, YKWIS

  16. Delivery Body position • posture • lectern / podium • don’t block the screen Reading • Not a tele-prompter … • Quotes OK • Reading cards, presenter notes • Speak to the audience, don’t read to yourself

  17. Delivery Body • Position • Rocking, pacing • Hand movement

  18. Body Language • brisk, erect walkconfidence • standing, hands on hipsreadiness • sitting, legs crossedboredom • crossed armsdefensiveness • walking with hands in pocketsdejection • hand to cheekevaluation, thinking • touching, rubbing noserejection, doubt, lying • rubbing eyesdoubt, disbelief • hands clasped behind backanger, frustration, apprehension • locked anklesapprehension • head resting in hand, eyes downcastboredom • rubbing handsanticipation • sitting with hands clasped behind headconfidence, superiority • open palmsincerity, openness, innocence • pinching bridge of nose, eyes closednegative evaluation • tapping/drumming fingersimpatience • patting, fondling hairlack of self-confidence, insecurity • tilted headinterest • stroking chintrying to make a decision • looking down, face turned awaydisbelief • biting nailsinsecurity, nervousness • pulling or tugging at earindecision

  19. P’s & Q’s Respect your audience Don’t be arrogant Be open to their views Be sensitive to confrontation and controversy Thank your audience

  20. Questions Listen carefully to the whole question Answer to entire audience • repeat the question to the audience? Don’t fake an answer Be prepared for questions • extra slides?

  21. The PowerPoint deck http://entrepreneur.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/sleeping_man_1.jpg

  22. Structure Title • your name, affiliation Outline • informative! Introduction • set the stage • tell them what you’re going to tell them Body • main topic • use sub-headings to organize content Conclusions / Summary • reiterate or emphasize take home messages • tell them what you’ve told them References / Acknowledgements • numbered sides

  23. PowerPoint style Bullet lists: who are they really for? • organize ideas • high-tech cue cards • put a space after the bullet, use simple graphics Information density • dramatic reduction of information density compared to traditional media • “Rule of Sevens”: < 7 words per line < 7 lines per page KISS

  24. Text Font serifTimes, Times New Roman, Palatino vs sans serif Arial, Geneva, Helvetica, Tahoma, Verdana Size 12 point 18 point 24 point36 point Color / Contrast blackwhiteredgreenyellow Koffka ring

  25. Text

  26. Text Case • Sentence case vs Title Case vs ALL CAPS • be consistent Highlight BoldItalicsUnderlineColor OrphansThe answer to life, the universe and everything is 42.

  27. Text Spelling … don’t rely on your spell checker, but it’s a good first stop

  28. Graphics “A pictures says a thousand words ... but not without you!” Complex diagrams need to be introduced in sections or simplified … “Seeing isn’t perceiving, Perceiving isn’t understanding, Showing isn’t explaining.” Barbara Tversky, Stanford U.

  29. Graphics “A pictures says a thousand words ... but not without you!” … but well-designed graphics can speak for themselves “Visual models help make important ideas clear by making messages visible.” Don Moyer, ThoughtForm

  30. Graphics … must have something to say "This may well be the worst graphic ever to find its way into print.” Tufte, 1983

  31. Graphics Worst powerpoint slide ever used by a CEO? http://sethgodin.typepad.com/.shared/image.html?/photos/uncategorized/2007/04/17/worstpptever.jpg

  32. Graphics … visual density

  33. Graphics Well designed, simple, and readable by all Don’t resize bitmaps Minimum # of words in captions Background image should not affect readability...

  34. Graphics

  35. Graphics

  36. Tables Outperform graphics if dataset of < 20 numbers Don’t copy/paste and resize large tables Can your audience read the entire table? Do they need to? Reproduce relevant table subsets

  37. Figures & Charts Label your figures (x-axis, y-axis, units, legend) • highlight data • keep the figure simple and uncluttered Make the figures visible with high contrast • multiple data sets: different colours or line types • use thick lines and large markers

  38. The Seven Deadly Sins 1- Slide Transitions, Animations, Sound Effects 2. Standard Clipart 3. Presentation Templates4. Text-Heavy Slides 5. The “Me” Paradigm 6. Reading 7. Faith in Technology http://entrepreneurs.about.com/cs/marketing/a/7sinsofppt.htm

  39. Compatibility • Version / platform compatibility issues • Standard fonts • Embedded figures, movies • Transitions / animations / linked media • Always check on other PC/Mac beforehand • .pptvs.pptx • Murphy’s law • backup on CD / flash drive • multiple export formats: .ppt.pptx.mov • color transparencies?

  40. Bibliography “The Cognitive Style of PowerPoint”, Edward R. Tufte, Graphics Press LLC, 2003. “The Visual Display of Quantitative Information”, 2nd Ed., Edward R. Tufte, Graphics Press LLC, 2001. “The Best and Worst of Statistical Graphics”: http://www.math.yorku.ca/SCS/Gallery/ “Presenting At Your Best”, A. Chan: http://www.ee.unb.ca/Groups/AEEGS/presentation.html “The Seven Deadly Sins of Powerpoint Presentations”: http://entrepreneurs.about.com/cs/marketing/a/7sinsofppt.htm

  41. Questions? Losses suffered by Napoleon's army in the Russian campaign of 1812 Charles Joseph Minard (1845-1869)

  42. Overhead Projectors Image size, focus Transparencies / Markers Beam Obstruction Projection wash-out Pace yourself

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