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Introduction to Geographic Information Systems GIS - with a focus on localizing the MDGs

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Introduction to Geographic Information Systems GIS - with a focus on localizing the MDGs

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    1. Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) - with a focus on localizing the MDGs Carmelle J. Terborgh, Ph.D. ESRI www.esri.com

    3. We Live in Two Worlds

    4. Watersheds Communities Neighborhoods Districts Context and Content Patterns Linkages Trends

    6. Abstracting the Real World

    7. What is GIS? A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer-based system including software, hardware, people, and geographic information A GIS can: create, edit, query, analyze, and display map information on the computer

    8. Geographic Information System Geographic – 80% of government data collected is associated with some location in space Information - attributes, or the characteristics (data), can be used to symbolize and provide further insight into a given location System – a seamless operation linking the information to the geography – which requires hardware, networks, software, data, and operational procedures …not just software! …not just for making maps!

    9. Who uses GIS? International organizations UN HABITAT, The World Bank, UNEP, FAO, WHO, etc. Private industry Transport, Real Estate, Insurance, etc. Government Ministries of Environment, Housing, Agriculture, etc. Local Authorities, Cities, Municipalities, etc. Provincial Agencies for Planning, Parks, Transportation, etc. Non-profit organizations/NGO’s World Resources Institute, ICMA, etc. Academic and Research Institutions Smithsonian Institution, CIESIN, etc.

    10. The possibilities are unlimited… Environmental impact assessment Resource management Land use planning Tax Mapping Water and Sanitation Mapping Transportation routing and more ... What can you do with a GIS?

    11. How does a GIS work? GIS data has a spatial/geographic reference This might be a reference that describes a feature on the earth using: a latitude & longitude a national coordinate system an address a district a wetland identifier a road name

    12. A GIS stores information about the world as a collection of thematic layers that can be linked together by geography Geography and Databases

    13. GIS provides Data Integration

    14. Two fundamental types of data Vector A series of x,y coordinates For discrete data represented as points, lines, polygons Raster Grid and cells For continuous data such as elevation, slope, surfaces A Desktop GIS should be able to handle both types of data effectively!

    15. Data Representation

    16. Other features of a GIS Produce good cartographic products (translation = maps) Generate and maintain metadata Use and share geoprocessing models Managing data in a geodatabase using data models for each sector

    17. Hint – having GIS software does not a cartographer make! Good to know something about these issues when creating a map and doing spatial analysis… Scale/Resolution Projection Basic cartographic principles regarding design, generalization, etc.

    18. GIS is (rapidly) evolving

    19. GIS as part of your decision making process…

    20. Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) Definition - the technology, policies, standards, human resources, and related activities necessary to acquire, process, distribute, use, maintain, and preserve spatial data Part of many nation’s e-Gov strategy www.GSDI.org

    22. World Summit on Sustainable Development 2002 “Promote the development and wider use of earth observation technologies, including satellite remote sensing, global mapping and geographic information systems, to collect quality data on environmental impacts, land use and land use changes.”

    23. Left - Africa Food Balance is a supply, demand and balance GIS process. Demand is subtracted from supply to derive food balance, showing areas of surplus and shortage. The GIS model allocates 1998 FAOSTAT domestic and import food production to produce domestic and import calorie supply surfaces for the entire African continent. Right - The Africa water balance model draws total average annual water demand from total average annual renewable water supply to estimate a regional scale watershed water balance. Water supply is derived from ESRI ArcAtlas groundwater discharge and runoff, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Geophysical Data Center precipitation and evapotranspiration. Left - Africa Food Balance is a supply, demand and balance GIS process. Demand is subtracted from supply to derive food balance, showing areas of surplus and shortage. The GIS model allocates 1998 FAOSTAT domestic and import food production to produce domestic and import calorie supply surfaces for the entire African continent. Right - The Africa water balance model draws total average annual water demand from total average annual renewable water supply to estimate a regional scale watershed water balance. Water supply is derived from ESRI ArcAtlas groundwater discharge and runoff, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Geophysical Data Center precipitation and evapotranspiration.

    24. Poverty Indicators Org: UNAM Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Name: Enrique Soto Alva and Adri?n BenĂtez Ortega E-mail: ensoa@servidor.unam.mx Software: Arc Info for Workstation and Arc View GIS for PC Hardware: Silicon Graphics O2, Sun, Compaq deskpro The map was created to explain the process of overlaid maps as different indicators of urban poverty in the metropolitan area of Mexico City. The upper map is the summary. The GIS is used to analyze poor areas at a detailed urban scale. File1.jpgOrg: UNAM Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Name: Enrique Soto Alva and Adri?n BenĂtez Ortega E-mail: ensoa@servidor.unam.mx Software: Arc Info for Workstation and Arc View GIS for PC Hardware: Silicon Graphics O2, Sun, Compaq deskpro The map was created to explain the process of overlaid maps as different indicators of urban poverty in the metropolitan area of Mexico City. The upper map is the summary. The GIS is used to analyze poor areas at a detailed urban scale. File1.jpg

    25. Monitoring fair trade - local banana farmers ArcIMS applications used with local farmers to ensure fair trade. ArcIMS applications used with local farmers to ensure fair trade.

    27. GIS for planning underdeveloped areas

    31. Thank You! cterborgh@esri.com

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