ITU Perspectives Eng. Ali Drissa BADIEL Senior Advisor for IP networks and ICT applications

1. ccTLDs Best Practices: ITU Perspectives Eng. Ali Drissa BADIEL Senior Advisor for IP networks and ICT applications ITU ROA, Addis Ababa AliDrissa.Badiel@itu.int http://www.itu.int Johannesburg, April 8th 2008

2. Content • ITU brief profile • Some activities & projects • Perspectives International Telecommunication Union - April 2008

3. I. ITU brief profile • Objectives • promote the use of telecommunication services with the objective of facilitating peaceful relations • promote the extension of the benefits of the new telecommunication technologies to all the people of the world • promote and offer technical assistance to developing countries giving more attention to the least developed countries. • Membership • 191 Member States • Over 600 Sector Members comprising private sector, telecommunication and ICT operators, Equipment manufacturers, research institutes, regional and international organizations and academia International Telecommunication Union - April 2008

4. ITU Mission & Activities • Standardization (ITU-T) • The ITU standardization activities have already helped create a global and interconnected communications network and foster the growth of new technologies such as: • mobile telephony • Internet • Those standardization activities are now serving in: • defining the building blocks of the emerging Global Information Infrastructure (GII) • designing advanced multimedia systems which deftly handle a mix of voice, data, audio and video signals • Radiocommunication (ITU-R) • The ITU Radiocommunication activities : • to manage the radio-frequency spectrum in order to ensure that radio-based systems like cellular phones and pagers, aircraft and maritime navigation systems, scientific research stations, satellite communication systems and radio and television broadcasting all continue to function smoothly • to provide reliable wireless services to the world's inhabitants International Telecommunication Union - April 2008

5. Development (ITU-D) • The ITU development activities are aimed at: • playing an important role as a catalyst for forging development partnership between government and private industry • helping bring about rapid improvements in telecommunication infrastructure in the world's under-developed economies International Telecommunication Union - April 2008

6. II. Some activities & projects ITU-T IP NextGeneration Networks (NGNs, ITU-T Study Group 13) : whereIPplays a keyrole Transport network is an IP-based network Protocols and applications are IP oriented MPLS: Multi Protocol Label Switching SIP: Session Initiation Protocol IP services at the application layer Etc. International Telecommunication Union - April 2008

7. Fig. 2: IP NGN architecture International Telecommunication Union - April 2008

8. ITU-T (c’d) IP MultimediaSubsystem (IMS, ITU-T Study Group 13) A milestonetowardsfix, mobile and IP networks convergence All services and applications are also IP oriented Activities & projects (c’d) International Telecommunication Union - April 2008

9. Fig. 3: IMS architecture Source: EFORT, 2005 International Telecommunication Union - April 2008

10. Activities & projects (c’d) ITU-T (end) The ENUM Protocol (tElephoneNUmberMapping): Analogy telephone numbering and ccTLDs e.g. South Africa: (ccTLD=.za, telephone country code= +27) IETF RFC 2916, ITU-T Study Group 2 Use of Internet resources (IP, DNS) and E.164 (telephonenumbering) to form a unique identifier for users communication needs (URI: Uniform Resource Identifier) International Telecommunication Union - April 2008

11. Fig. 4: the ENUM process International Telecommunication Union - April 2008

12. Activities & projects (c’d) • ITU-D: • The African Regional Initiatives (cf. WTDC-06, Doha, Qatar 2006): 5 RIs • Human and institutional capacity building • Strengthening and harmonizing policy and regulatory frameworks for integration of African ICT markets • Development of a broadband infrastructure and achievement of regional interconnectivity • ICT applications • Introduction of new digital broadcasting technologies International Telecommunication Union - April 2008

13. Activities & projects (c’d) • ITU-D (c’d): • The Connect Africa objectives (cf. Connect Africa Summit, Kigali, Rwanda 2007): 5 obj. • Interconnect the African major cities to broadband ICT networks within 2012 • Connect African villages to broadband ICT networks and services within 2015 • Adopt basic regulatory measures to promote affordable broadband networks and services development, fair competition among operators, the creation of IXPs • Support capacity building, the creation of centers of excellence, and cooperationbetweenAfricanuniversities and training centers • Adopt a national cyberstratey, including a cybersecurityframework, to develop and promote e-Services: e-governance, e-health, e-commerce, etc. • Global commitments for more than USD 55 billions International Telecommunication Union - April 2008

14. ITU-D activities (c’d): International Telecommunication Union - April 2008 Source: InternetWorldStats.com, Jan. 2007

15. Activities & projects (c’d) International Telecommunication Union - April 2008 • ITU-D (c’d): • Achievements in ccTLDs & cybersecurity fields • Organization of activities related to cybersecurity and Critical Information Infrastructure Protection (CIIP) • Elaboration of best practices related to national cybercesurity • Elaboration of cybersecurity work program to assist Developing Countries e.g.: • Workshop held in Cape Verde, Nov. 2007 • Upcoming workshops: • Zambia: August 2008 • Tunisia: November 2008 • Elaboration of an ITU botnet mitigation toolkit (Jan. 2008) • Elaboration of a national cybersecurity/CIIP self-assessment toolkit (Jan. 2008) • ITU toolkit for cybercrime legislation (Oct. 2007) • ITU available study on ccTLDs, title: “Policy, Business, Technical, and Operational Considerations for the Operation of a ccTLD” (Jan. 2008) • Etc.

16. Activities & projects (end) International Telecommunication Union - April 2008 • ITU-D (end): • Ad hoc assistance • As per requests and needsexpressed • Assistance to LDCs: • e.g. Somalia

17. III. Perspectives International Telecommunication Union - April 2008 • Links RIs/Connect Africa <> AfTLD • Promotion of broadband networks • Telecommunications backbones: fix, mobile, NGNs • Internet backbones • Promotion of IPv6 deployment, in collaboration with AfriNIC • Promotion of IXPs in Africa • In collaboration with AfriSPA • To route intra-continent traffic inside Africa • To save bandwidth • To improve response time • To allow more root servers mirrors deployment in Africa • Only 3 deployed : Egypt, Kenya, South Africa • Promotion of legal & regulatory frameworks • For a safe ICT environment • To fight cybercrime

18. Perspectives (c’d) International Telecommunication Union - April 2008 • Links RIs/Connect Africa <> AfTLD (end) • ICT applications: e-Services • E-governance: • Use of Internet/IP-based networks to interconnect governmental services • To encourage online services and procedures • To promote a better effectiveness in African administrations • E-health: • Use of Internet/IP-based networks to improve health services • To compensate the lack of physicians • E-education: • Use of Internet/IP –based networks to promote education for all • To compensate the lack of specialized schools • Etc. • Remarks: • Project documents ready for feasibility studies • Will contribute to Internet, and therefore ccTLDs operations and management enhancement

19. Perspectives (c’d) International Telecommunication Union - April 2008 • ITU study on ccTLD best practices • Title: “Policy, Business, Technical, and Operational Considerations for the Operation of a ccTLD” (Jan. 2008) • Derived from ITU technical assistance to Somalia, but can be applied to other countries • Overall objectives: explain the numerous technical and procedural aspects of establishing a ccTLD • Details: • How to obtain control of .so ccTLD? • General policy considerations • Technical implementation of .so registry • Policy formation of the ccTLD registry • Launching the ccTLD • Suggested operation plan • Would like to have AfTLD comments on the study: For more details: http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/cyb/ or mail to cybmail@itu.int

20. Perspectives (end) International Telecommunication Union - April 2008 • Partnership • ITU iswilling to collaboratewith all • Collaboration withother UN agencies: cf. UN delivering as ONE concept • Invitation to all Af* (AfriNIC, AfTLD, AfNOG, AfrISPA) organizations to participate in the Connect Africa commitmentsimplementation • To contribute to the development of ICT for the benefit of the whole Africa • More information athttp://www.itu.int/ITU-D/connect/africa/2007/index.html • Invitation to all Af* organizations to become ITU sectormembers • AfriNICisalready a member • For the others, have a look at http://www.itu.int/members/sectmem/benef.html

21. Any Questions? International Telecommunication Union - April 2008

22. Thanks! International Telecommunication Union - April 2008