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Standards and Specifications and Product Information. ISchool 2004. Bit of vocab. Standards Specifications Used interchangably Codes Regulations Rules. Standards are where:. All aspects of Government Judicial, regulatory, purchasing Industry/manufacturing Society--people Libraries
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Standards and Specificationsand Product Information ISchool 2004
Bit of vocab • Standards • Specifications • Used interchangably • Codes • Regulations • Rules
Standards are where: • All aspects of Government • Judicial, regulatory, purchasing • Industry/manufacturing • Society--people • Libraries • The economy COLLIDE!
Standards are as old as the hills • Pieces of Eight • Cubit • Foot, lbs • 8 1/2x 11 • 2/4
What is a standard? • Agreed upon way of doing something • Buying, installing, using, creating, sharing • Uniform set of measures • Defined Uniformity • A pint is a pound the world ‘round
Types of Standards • Physical or units of measure • Terms, definitions, classes, grades, ratings • Test methods, recommended practices • Quality standards • Health and safety • Building codes
Reasons for • Keep people honest • Milk is milk • So things fit • So we know what we’re getting • Safety
Example—screw threads Until 1840 no standard screw thread existed anywhere in the world.
Who Generates these? • By law—mandatory • By regulation--mandatory • By consensus—voluntary • By Agreement with in an organization-voluntary • By institution/company-local • Combination of above
Enforceability • Statutory • Regulatory • Voluntary • May carry weight of law but not law • May merely be “good practice”
International • ISO • IEC • By treaty or other agreement
Let’s look at: • ISO • National • JIS • State/Fed • U.S. Voluntary
ISO • International Organization for Standardization http://www.iso.ch/iso/en/ISOOnline.frontpage • ISO comes from the Greek “isos” • Equal as in measurement • Treaty • Regulatory only as defined in local law • US rep to ISO is ANSI
ISO e.g. • ISO 8662-3:1992Hand-held portable power tools -- Measurement of vibrations at the handle -- Part 3: Rock drills and rotary hammers
National • States/Feds • Standards Organizations • Councils, boards, committees • Industrial organizations • Companies • Universities • Library organizations
National Offices • DIN • JIS • BSI • CSA • No US national office
JIS-Japan Document#:JIS B 3102:2001 Title:Gauge blanks for screw threads limit gauges (FOREIGN STANDARD) Abstract:NONE File Size:1.69 MB Price:$59.00
States/Feds • OSHA • EPA • TxDOT • DOT • Leave no child behind
OSHA Federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations are set forth in title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Although most of the regulations can be found in §1901 and §1910, fire departments should also look at §1926, which includes standards for trenching and shoring in the construction industry.
EPA, DOT, FHWA, e.g. EPA drinking water standards http://www.epa.gov/safewater/standards.html
TxDot-State http://www.txdot.state.tx.us/business/specifications.htm • Erosion Control Products
ANSI • American National Standards Institute • Who are they • What do they do • Who cares
ASTM • American Society for Testing Materials • Who are they? • Who cares?
ASTM e.g. ASTM D2348-02 Title:Standard Test Method for Arsenic in Paint Abstract:This test method covers the determination of less than 0.5% arsenic in whole paint. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.### File Size:0 kB Price:$27.00
NISO • National Information Standards Organization http://www.niso.org/standards/index.html
NISO e.g. ANSI/NISO Z39.2 - 1994 (R2001) Information Interchange Format Equivalent international standard: ISO 2709 Abstract: The basis for the MARC (Machine-Readable Catalog) record, this standard specifies the requirements for a generalized interchange format that can be used for the communication of records in any media. 12 pp. ISBN: 1-880124-08-4 Price: $45 ANSI Approval Date: 04/13/94 Status: Approved and Published Standard
Other society players • NFPA • UL • API • IEEE
Manufacturers Standards • Wire Rope • http://www.wwwrope.com/product_pdfs/standard.pdf • SEMI • http://downloads.semi.org/pubs/semipubs.nsf/SearchForm?OpenForm
Hydraulic Institute Submersible Pump Tests Document Number: ANSI/HI 11.6 (M126) Hydraulic Institute
Product Specifications • Vendors • Products • Specifications • Properties • Purchase requirements • Catalogs
Building Codes-US • Who’s in Charge? • Local • State • Federal • Law
What do building codes regulate? • Size of urban driveway • Distance between dry cleaners and schools • Amount of insulation • Number of studs • Fire rules
How where do we find these? • On equipment • Cited in articles • In bid or grant requirements • Class assignments • Laws/regulations
Reference work • The confusion • The excitement • The wonderment of it all
Some problems • Withdrawn • Combined • Revised • Confusion with who did what
Not available through • ILS • Not indexed • Not free [except from some DOD] • Moving target--changed
Finding Historical Standards www.lindahall.org/pubserv/ref/stand/standard.htm
ASTMC498-95 01-Jan-1995 WITHDRAWN Standard Specification for Perforated Clay Drain Tile (Withdrawn 2001)
Standards aren’t free • For many societies this is their only product • They are costly to produce
Purchasing/finding • Vendors • Direct • ASME • IEEE
Likely sources-fee based • www.document-center.com • http://global.ihs.com • www.ihserc.om • www.techstreet.com • www.ili-info.com