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Multigenerational Trauma: Behavior Patterns in Cultures

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Multigenerational Trauma: Behavior Patterns in Cultures

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    1. Multigenerational Trauma: Behavior Patterns in Cultures Mike Cutler, PhD, LPC, NCC Assistant Professor of Counselor Education, Boise State University

    2. “The opposite of love is not hate, it's indifference. The opposite of art is not ugliness, it's indifference. The opposite of faith is not heresy, it's indifference. And the opposite of life is not death, it's indifference.” Elie Weisel

    3. What is multigenerational/historic trauma? Is largely seen as a phenomena related to various minority and oppressed populations due to the lingering impact of colonization.

    4. What is multigenerational/historic trauma? Cultural trauma: –is an attack on the fabric of a society, affecting the essence of the community and its members Historical trauma: –cumulative exposure of traumatic events that affect an individual and continues to affect subsequent generations. “The collective emotional and psychological injury both over the life span and across generations, resulting from a cataclysmic history of genocide.” Multigenerational trauma: –occurs when trauma is not resolved, subsequently internalized, and passed from one generation to the next. Maria Yellow Horse Brave Heart

    5. Genocide – a definition… “…any of the following acts committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group, and includes five types of criminal actions: killing members of the group; causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; and forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.” United Nations Convention on Genocide, 1948

    6. Historical Trauma Collective and cumulative emotional wounding across generations that results from massive cataclysmic events – Historically Traumatic Events (HTE)* The trauma is held personally and transmitted over generations. Thus, even family members who have not directly experienced the trauma can feel the effects of the event generations later Intergenerational transmission of trauma is a relatively recent focus of mental health. First observed in 1966 by clinicians alarmed by the number of children of survivors of the Nazi Holocaust seeking treatment The multigenerational aspects of trauma continue to be treated as secondary and, consequently, the behavior of many children of survivors of massive trauma is misunderstood and not treated appropriately Brave Heart (1995); Yellow Horse Brave Heart (2000)

    7. Indigenist Model of Trauma, Coping, and Health Outcomes From: Walters & Simoni, (2002). American Journal of Public Health, 92 (4), 520-524.` Stress Coping Health Outcomes Trauma Cultural Buffers Health Historical Trauma Identity Attitudes HIV Risk & Morbidity Microaggressions Enculturation Traumatic Life Events Spiritual Coping AOD Use Physical & Sexual Traditional Health Practices Abuse/Dependence Assaults/Abuse Mental Health PTSD Colonial Trauma Response Depression Anxiety

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