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Chapter 10

Chapter 10. The Rise of Kingdoms and the Growth of Church Power. Timeline. The Emergence & Growth of European Kingdoms, 1000 – 1300. Kings Theory Practice Expansion of royal power in the High Middle Ages. England in the High Middle Ages. William of Normandy (1066 – 1087)

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Chapter 10

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  1. Chapter 10 The Rise of Kingdoms and the Growth of Church Power

  2. Timeline

  3. The Emergence & Growth of European Kingdoms, 1000 – 1300 • Kings • Theory • Practice • Expansion of royal power in the High Middle Ages

  4. England in the High Middle Ages • William of Normandy (1066 – 1087) • Battle of Hastings (1066) • Fusion of Normans and Anglo-Saxons • Involvement in France • Henry II (1154 – 1189) • Plantagenet dynasty • Royal courts • Common law • The church • Thomas Becket (Archbishop of Canterbury) • King John (1199 – 1216) • Magna Carta • Edward I (1272 – 1307) • Parliament

  5. The Growth of the French Kingdom • The Capetian Dynasty • Little real power • Royal domain limited to the Île de France • Philip II Augustus (1180 – 1223) • War against the English • French bureaucracy • Louis IX (1226 – 1270) “Saint Louis” • Justice • Participates in Crusades • Philip IV the Fair (1285 – 1314) • Royal administration • Council for advice • Chamber of Accounts (finances) • Parlement (royal court) • Estates-General (French parliament)

  6. Map 10.1: England and France in the High Middle Ages

  7. Christian Reconquest: The Spanish Kingdoms • Cordova • Reconquista (1000 – 1492) • Castile • Navarre • Aragón • Portugal • Repartimiento • Fueros • Alfonso X (1252 – 1284)

  8. Map 10.2: Christian Reconquests in the Western Mediterranean

  9. The Lands of the Holy Roman Empire: Germany and Italy • Salian Kings • German Nobility • Involvement in Italy • The Norman kingdom in southern Italy • Frederick I Barbarossa (1152 – 1190) • Attempts to conquer northern Italy • Pope and Italian cities oppose him • Battle of Legnano (1176) • Frederick II (1212 – 1250) • King of Sicily, Germany, and Holy Roman Emperor • Preoccupied with Italy • Germany left in confusion and chaos • Rudolf of Hapsburg (1273) • Emergence of Italian City-States

  10. Map 10.3: The Lands of the Holy Roman Empire in the Twelfth Century

  11. New Kingdoms in Northern and Eastern Europe • Scandinavia • Hungary • Poland • Germans and Slavs • Teutonic Knights

  12. Teutonic Knight Castle at Marienburg

  13. Medieval Mongols & Russians • The Mongol Empire • Temuchin – Genghis Khan (c. 1162 – 1227) • Khubilai Khan • Advances against the Muslim world • Advances against Europe • The Development of Russia • Kiev – Rus • The church • Mongol invasion • Alexander Nevsky (c. 1220 – 1263) • Moscow

  14. Map 10.4: Northern and Eastern Europe

  15. The Recovery and Reform of the Catholic Church • The Problems of Decline • Worldly bishops and abbots • Monastic decline • The Cluniac Reform Movement • Cluny founded by Duke William of Aquitaine (910) • Reform movement spreads • Reform of the Papacy • Lay investiture • Pope Gregory VII (1073 – 1085) • Investiture Controversy • Concordat of Worms (1122)

  16. Christianity and Medieval Civilization • Growth of the Papal Monarchy • Administrative structure • Pope Innocent III (1198 – 1216) • Philip Augustus of France • Interdict of England

  17. New Religious Orders and Spiritual Ideals • The Cistercian Order • Saint Bernard of Clairvaux (1090 – 1153) • Women • Hildegard of Bingen (1098 – 1179) • Mystical visions • The Franciscans • Saint Francis of Assisi (1182 – 1226) • The Dominicans • Dominic de Guzmán (1170 – 1221)

  18. Saint Bernard

  19. A Group of Nuns

  20. Popular Religion in the High Middle Ages • Sacraments • Saints • The Virgin Mary • Relics

  21. Map 10.6: Pilgrimage Routes in the Middle Ages

  22. Voices of Protest and Intolerance • Heresy • Catharism • Dualist System • Catholic Church was evil according to their views • Albigensian Crusade (began in 1209) • The Holy Office (Papal Inquisition) • Persecution of the Jews • The Crusades • Fourth Lateran Council (1215) • Expulsion • Intolerance and Homosexuality • Associated with other minority groups • Thomas Aquinas and the “sin against nature” • Punishment

  23. The Crusades • Background to the Crusades • Islam and the Seljuk Turks • Change and disintegration in the Muslim world • Seljuk Turks • Nomadic people from Central Asia • Capture of Baghdad (1055) • Battle of Manzikert (1071) • The Byzantine Empire • Divisions between the Catholic and Orthodox Church • Schism (1054) • Alexius I Comnenus (1081 – 1118)

  24. The Early Crusades • Pope Urban II (1088 – 1099) • Council of Clermont (1095) • Crusading Fervor • “Armed pilgrimages” • First Crusade (1096 – 1099) • Captures Antioch (1098) • Captures Jerusalem (1099)

  25. Map 10.7: The Early Crusades

  26. The Early Crusades, Continued • Crusader States • Edessa, Antioch, Tripoli and Jerusalem • Muslims strike back • Fall of Edessa (1144) • Second Crusade • Total failure • Third Crusade (1189 – 1192) • Reaction to the fall of Jerusalem • Saladin • Led by Frederick I Barbarossa of Germany, Richard the Lionhearted of England and Philip Augustus of France

  27. Crusades of the 13th Century • The Crusades of the Thirteenth Century • Fourth Crusade (1202 – 1204) • Sack of Constantinople • Latin Empire of Constantinople (1204 – 1261) • Children’s Crusade (1212) • Sixth Crusade (1228)

  28. Effects of the Crusades • Effects of the Crusades • Little impact on the Muslim world • Impact on European society • Cultural interaction • Many young warriors removed from Europe • Italian cities benefited economically • Attacks on Jews

  29. Richard the Lionhearted Executing Muslims at Acre

  30. Discussion Questions • How was royal power strengthened in France and England beginning in the Eleventh Century? • What forces pulled apart the Holy Roman Empire between the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries? • How was the history of Russia linked to the invasions of the Mongols? • What role did Cluny play in reforming the Church and the papacy? • What was the function of the pope in Medieval Europe? • What fed the climate of intolerance in Europe after the Twelfth Century? • What were the causes of the Crusades? • Were the Crusades a success or a failure?

  31. Web Links • Kings and Queens of England • Paris at the Time of Philip Augustus • The Royal Abbey of Fontevraud • The Mongols in World History • NetSerf – Religious Orders • The Crusades – A Virtual Course • The Medieval Crusades • The Virtual Pilgrim

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