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TEMPERATURE RELATED INJURIES

TEMPERATURE RELATED INJURIES. BY DR:HANA OMER. COLD INJURIES. The injuries that happens due to extreme low temperatures are defined as cold injuries. TYPES OF COLD INJURIES HYPOTHERMIA FREEZING COLD INJURIES Frost bite 3.NON FREEZING COLD INJURIES Chill blains Trench foot. COLD INJURIES.

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TEMPERATURE RELATED INJURIES

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  1. TEMPERATURE RELATED INJURIES BY DR:HANA OMER

  2. COLD INJURIES The injuries that happens due to extreme low temperatures are defined as cold injuries. TYPES OF COLD INJURIES • HYPOTHERMIA • FREEZING COLD INJURIES • Frost bite 3.NON FREEZING COLD INJURIES • Chill blains • Trench foot

  3. COLD INJURIES Hypothermia Drop in the core body temperature below 95 F is stated as hypothermia. CLASSIFICATION Depending on the temperature hypothermia can be classified into 3 types • MILD (90-95 F) • MODERATE (80-90F) • SEVERE (> 80F)

  4. COLD INJURIES PREDISPOSING FACTORS • Previous cold weather injury • Inadequate nutrition • Alcohol, caffeine, nicotine • Dehydration • Over activity • Under activity • Long exposure to the cold • Sick or injured • Cold Wind, rain • Age • Poor clothing

  5. COLD INJURIES CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS Initial Symptoms • shivering • dizzy, drowsy • withdrawn behavior • irritability • confusion • slowed, slurred speech • altered vision • stumbling

  6. COLD INJURIES If the hypothermia persists and not treated it will lead to • SEVERE SYMPTOMS • stops shivering • desire to lie down and sleep • heartbeat and breathing is faint or undetectable • unconsciousness followed by DEATH

  7. COLD INJURIES TREATMENT A) Restore Warmth Slowly • Get the person indoors. • Remove wet clothing and dry the person off, if needed. • Warm the person's trunk first, not hands and feet. Warming extremities first can cause shock.

  8. COLD INJURIES 4. Warm the person by wrapping him or her in blankets or putting dry clothing on the person. 5. Do not immerse the person in warm water. Rapid warming can cause heart arrhythmia. 6. If using hot water bottles or chemical hot packs, wrap them in cloth; don't apply them directly to the skin.

  9. COLD INJURIES B) Begin CPR, if Necessary, While Warming Person • If the person is not breathing normally: • For a child, start CPR for children. • For an adult, start adult CPR. • Continue CPR until the person begins breathing or emergency help arrives.

  10. COLD INJURIES C) Give Warm Fluids • Give the person a warm drink, if conscious. Avoid caffeine or alcohol. D) Keep Body Temperature Up • Once the body temperature begins to rise, keep the person dry and wrapped in a warm blanket. Wrap the person's head and neck as well.

  11. COLD INJURIES FREEZING COLD INJURIES FROST BITE • Skin freezes at 28 F Superficial frostbite (mild) • Freezing of skin surface Deep frostbite (severe) • Freezing of skin and flesh, may include bone • Hands, fingers, feet, toes, ears, chin, nose, groin area

  12. COLD INJURIES (frostbite) frostbite

  13. Symptoms of frost bite • initially redness in light skin or grayish in dark skin • tingling, stinging sensation • turns numb, yellowish, waxy or gray color • feels cold, stiff, woody • blisters may develop

  14. COLD INJURIES • Treatment (FROST BITE) • remove from cold and prevent further heat loss • remove constricting clothing and jewelry • rewarm affected area evenly with body heat until pain returns • when skin thaws it hurts!! • do not massage affected parts

  15. COLD INJURIESNon freezing cold injuries Wet Dry • Trenchfoot • Prolonged exposure to temps between 0-32°C(32-60°F) for hours to 3-4 days • Swollen, edematous, numb foot • Initially red then becomes pale and cyanotic • Increased sensitivity to pain and infections • Chilblains • Exposure to temps <32°C(60°F) • Bare skin exposed to dry cold environment • Erythematous, tender, swollen, itchy and painful papules • After rewarming – inflamed, red and hot for hours

  16. COLD INJURIES • Wet (Trench foot) • Dry (Chilblains)

  17. COLD INJURIES Treatment (chilblains) • prevent further exposure • wash, dry gently • rewarm (apply body heat) • don't massage or rub • dry sterile dressing • seek medical advice Treatment (Trench foot) • prevent further exposure • dry carefully • DO NOT break blisters, apply lotions, massage, expose to heat, or allow to walk on injury • rewarm with body heat • clean and wrap loosely • elevate feet to reduce swelling • evacuate for medical treatment

  18. THANK U

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