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STATES of MATTER

STATES of MATTER. Question:. particles. Everything is made of …………………. What are these particles?. Ions. Atoms are …. cannot broken down further by chemical means . Some elements are formed of atoms For example, argon is made up of single Ar atoms. Molecules….

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STATES of MATTER

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  1. STATES of MATTER

  2. Question: particles • Everything is made of …………………

  3. What are these particles? Ions

  4. Atoms are … • cannot broken down further by chemical means. • Some elements are formed of atoms • For example, argon is made up of single Ar atoms.

  5. Molecules… • Consist of TWO OR MORE atoms covalently bonded together. • Some elements and some compounds are formed of molecules. • For example;

  6. Ions… • are charged particles. • Ionic compounds are formed of ions. • For example, K+(potassium) ion I- (iodide) ion Potassium iodide

  7. Do the particles in matter move? • In liquids & gases, they move freely. • In solids, they are NOT free to move. Particles move in a random way, called “random motion.”

  8. Evidence for the motion of the particles? • Cooking smells can spread out into the street. • The purple color of potassium permanganate spreads through the water when mixed w/ water. Particles of potassium permanganate mix w/ the particles of water because of their random motion.

  9. Your examples to be evidence of motion of particles?

  10. Diffusion… • In all these examples, particles mix by colliding w/ each other and bouncing off in all directions. This mixing process is called “diffusion.” From more concentrated PARTICLES ALWAYS DIFFUSE Less concentrated

  11. States of Matter

  12. Doesn’t flow Flows easily

  13. STATES OF MATTERSOLIDS • Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position. This fixed pattern is called “lattice.” • Strong forces hold particles in solids. • Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. Heat

  14. STATES OF MATTERLIQUID • Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another. So, not in a lattice. • The forces holding the particles together in liquids are weaker than the ones in solids. • Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume. Heat

  15. STATES OF MATTERGAS • Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely. • The forces holding the gas particles are very weak(almost negligible). • Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.

  16. (liquifying) (solidifying)

  17. A heating curve for the conversion of ice to water vapor

  18. Energy in a Phase Change Movie

  19. How much heat is needed? • Depends on the strength of the forces holding the particles together. Stronger the forces Bigger the amount of energy to melt & boil Bigger the melting and boiling point

  20. A cooling curve for the conversion of gaseous water to ice Potential energy lowers Potential energy lowers KE lowers

  21. Evaporation vs boiling

  22. Kinetic Particle Theory (KPT) • A theory that explains the properties of matter. • All the key ideas • having 3 states of matter • each state is different in terms of arrangement, motion, and energies of the particles, you have met so far make up the KPT.

  23. Kinetic Particle Theory

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