LHC Accelerator Research Program Accelerator Systems

1. LHC Accelerator Research ProgramAccelerator Systems Tanaji Sen FNAL/APC • Project management • Accelerator Physics • Instrumentation • Beam commissioning • LHC@FNAL Software (LAFS)

2. Accelerator Systems • The Accelerator Systems effort is a collaboration between: BNL, FNAL, LBNL, SLAC • FNAL effort in - Accelerator Physics: IR upgrade, Wire compensation, Electron lens compensation - Instrumentation: Schottky monitor, Tune and chromaticity tracker, AC dipole - Collimation: Tertiary collimators - IR, Hardware and Beam commissioning T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems

3. FY07 Accelerator Systems Budget T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems

4. APC and Accelerator Division • FY07 Budget ~ $ 0.84 M • Current Effort: 19 people - Scientists: 10 - Engineers and designers: 5 - Guest scientists and post-docs: 2 - Graduate student: 1 - Hardware commissioner at CERN: 1 T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems

5. IR Upgrade Studies J. Johnstone, N. Mokhov, I. Rakhno. T. Sen Issues with quads-1st vs dipoles-1st • Apertures and peak fields • Chromaticity • Beam-beam interactions • Geometric aberrations • Energy deposition • Luminosity gain at lower L* Beam-beam compensation is required to benefit from lower L* Slim magnets inside detectors under study Local chromaticity compensation scheme developed Luminosity vs L* Geometric Aberrations vs L* Beam-beam footprints Energy deposition and L* T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems

6. Beam-beam wire compensation FNAL: H.J. Kim. T. Sen; BNL, LBNL and SLAC Simulations, FNAL • Au experiments in RHIC, 2007 Tune shift vs separation Tune scan of dynamic aperture BTF comparison Loss rates T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems

7. Tertiary Collimators N. Mokhov, I. Rakhno • Tungsten tertiary collimators designed to protect the LHC high-luminosity inner triplets IP1 and IP5 and the ATLAS and CMS detectors against: • Any remnants of a mis-steered beam not captured in the IP6 beam abort system. • Tertiary halo generated in the IP3 and IP7 collimation systems. • Products of beam-gas interactions in a 550-m region upstream of IP1 and IP5. • Detailed MARS15 calculations confirmed, tertiary collimators do their job both in IP1 and IP5. • Energy deposition and radiation levels are well under control. • Betatron cleaning contribution dominates over beam-gas, with energy deposition in IRQ well below limits. • Particle fluxes at CMS detector calculated for both sources, with beam-gas being a driver at large radii. Muon flux: plan view T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems

8. Schottky Monitor FNAL. R. Pasquinelli, A. Jansson, …; CERN: F. Caspers, … Schottky Monitor will provide unique capabilities • Only tune measurement during the store • Bunch-by-bunch measurement of parameters such as Tune, Chromaticity • Non invasive Technique • Diagnosis of beam-beam effects and electron cloud • Monitors installed in LHC in summer 2007 T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems

9. Schottky Monitor T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems

10. Tune and Chromaticity tracker FNAL: C.Y. Tan; BNL: P. Cameron, CERN: M. Gasior, R. Jones • Tune tracker is operational in the Tevatron, RHIC and SPS • Tevatron: 2 novel methods of chromaticity tracking: (i) continuous head-tail (ii) rf phase modulation method • Head-tail method investigation to continue at SPS, RHIC • Phase modulation method will be developed further in the Tevatron Head-tail method Phase modulation T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems

11. AC dipole studies • An AC dipole produces • oscillating dipole magnetic • fields • A sustained oscillation can be excited without blowing up the beam size • The LHC AC dipole strength is close to that of that the Tevatron AC dipole Collaborators UT Austin: R. Miyamoto , S. Kopp FNAL: A. Jansson, M. Syphers BNL: M. Bai, R. Calaga, W. Fischer, P. Oddo CERN: H. Schmickler, J. Serrano T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems

12. Electron lens compensation V. Shiltsev et al Tevatron: TEL2 installed LHC: Simulation TEL on: • TEL2 acts on proton bunches and increases both Intensity and Luminosity lifetime. • Effect is reproducible • Compensation works for ~10hrs into a store • Head-on compensation under study for RHIC and LHC dQ=0.001 Effects ~comparable except TEL can affect individual bunches T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems

13. Hardware Commissioning M. Lamm • IR commissioning has much overlap with general Hardware Commissioning • Fermilab commissioners are split between these two tasks • cryogenics, power, magnet experts sent • personnel “integrated” into CERN departments, teams T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems

14. Beam commissioning E. Harms, M. Syphers • LHC@FNAL provides conduit to the CERN CCC and accelerator data, as well as CMS system • LHC@FNAL, will allow monitoring and help diagnose from Fermilab during commissioning • Used to collaborate on SPS machine studies • Major challenge has been to make secure connections to CERN control system, without compromise of control/operation from CERN T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems

15. Long term visitors Beam commissioning: • CERN: must meet specific needs; no “tourists” • wish to send ... • a) “Sr” personnel, with expertise • b) “Jr” personnel, who can lead in future (e.g. Toohig fellows) LTV Advisory Committee formed (chaired by M. Syphers) • members from all labs and from CERN • meet regularly to determine program priorities and recommend long-term visitors to be sponsored by LARP • funded to send several FTE’s each year LARP will send several beam commissioners; ~10 long term visitors approved by LARP and CERN T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems

16. LAFS D. McGinnis et al • Software effort funded by Fermilab, outside of LARP. ~5-6 FTEs • Coordinated with CERN control group and input from operations group • Role-based Access • authentication of LHC applications user • authorization from CERN for the user • has become fundamental to the LHC software application development • settings history for all LHC applications will be generated through RBA • Sequencer • initiating software tasks “on event” in sequential order • ex: fill ring 1; measure emittances, etc.; fill ring 2; ... • strong intellectual input based on Tevatron experience • Instrumentation Applications • tune display control room application • most mature coding at this point • wire scanner control room application • working on requirements and design documents • synchrotron light control room application • working on requirements and design documents CERN liaison: 1 person at CERN for a year coordinating efforts T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems

17. Summary • Accelerator Systems FY07 budget = $3.8M among BNL, FNAL, LBNL and SLAC. Nearly the same to 2009 • APC and Accelerator Division efforts in - IR upgrade: several layouts considered for Phase II - wire compensation: simulations compared with experiments at RHIC - elens compensation: improved luminosity lifetimes in Tevatron - tertiary collimators: simulations show they are effective - Schottky monitors: installed in the LHC tunnel - tune/chromaticity tracker: operational/continuing studies - AC dipole: used for optics measurements - Hardware commissioning: continuing presence at CERN - Beam commissioning: approved list of long term visitors - LHC@FNAL for accelerator scientists and CMS - LAFS providing control room software, applications T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems

18. Backups T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems

19. New LARP AS tasks in FY08 • Joint IR studies • Crystal collimation • Electron-lens compensation • Crab cavities T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems

20. LAFS FY07 Org Chart T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems

21. Budget scope T. Sen: LARP Accelerator Systems