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Overfishing & Acidification Estonian case

Overfishing & Acidification Estonian case. Karl-Erik Tillmann Miina Härma Gümnaasium , Tartu, Estonia. Background Acidification. The human enduced CO2 affect both the atmosphere and sea. Cold water more readily absorbs CO2. Seas become more acid. Effect on phytoplankton s.

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Overfishing & Acidification Estonian case

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  1. Overfishing & AcidificationEstonian case Karl-Erik Tillmann Miina Härma Gümnaasium, Tartu, Estonia

  2. Background Acidification • The human enduced CO2 affect both the atmosphere and sea. • Cold water more readily absorbs CO2. • Seas become more acid. • Effect on phytoplanktons. • Foundation of the aquatic food web

  3. BackgroundOverfishing • Overfishing occurs when fishing activities reduce fish stocks below an acceptable level. • About 80% of all fishstocks are already overfished today. • Only 1,2 % of theoceans are protected today. • Over 500 million people depending on the fishing industry.

  4. Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD) • Convention of Biological Diversity was established in 1993 and signed by 193 states with aims: • To protect biodiversity. • Sustainable use of its components. • Fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources • 2010- "International Year of Biodiversity" • Nagoya Biodiversity Summit in 18-19 October 2010.

  5. Nagoya Biodiversity Summit • Took place in 18-19 Oct 2010. • Aims: • To restore atleast 15 %of degraded areas. • To stop and reverse the loss of biodiversity. • To protect 17 % of inland waterareasand 10 % of marine-coastal areas.

  6. Outcome in 2020 in Estonia Aim 1: To restore atleast 15 % of degraded areas. • The percentage of land covered by forests has risen from 50.6 % in 2011 to 53.9 % in 2020. • 400 ha more trees have been planted. • Organic farming has risen 12 % since 2011. • The number of birds • Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos)has increased from 40-50 pairs in 2011 to 100 pairs in 2020. • Black Stork (Ciconianigra) has increased from 150 pairs in 2011 to 250 pairs in 2020.

  7. Outcome in 2020 in Estonia Aim 2: To stop and reverse the loss of biodiversity. • The amount of mosses in Lahemaa, a national park of Estonia has increased by 12 %. • Three new species of mosses have been discovered. • These are good indicators of the purity of our air. • The gut microflora of Estonian infants consists of more different species of microbes. • This protects against allergy – an increasing problem in Western societies.

  8. Outcome in 2020 in Estonia Aim 3a: To protect 17 % of inland waterareas. • The stock of Vendace (Coregonusalbula), a very special fish living only in Lake Peipsi,has risen three times since 2011. • The stock of Perch (Percafluviatilis) in Lake Peipsi and Lake Võrtsjärvehas risen two times.

  9. Outcome in 2020 in Estonia Aim 3b: To protect 10% of marine and coastal areas. • The stock of Cod increased until 2018 but then... • DISASTER in 21 May, 2018 • Nord Stream gas pipeline near Saaremaa exploded and 2.3 billion cubic metres of natural gas leaked in the Baltic Sea. • The sea has still not recovered from this • The Cod percentage drops 50 %. • Huge amounts of seaweed died. • Thousands of seabirds died.

  10. Conclusion • Each country should implement its own national plan to follow the recommendation of the Nagoya convention. • However we are not protected against catastrophies and therefore international collaboration is necessary to prevent and overcome them.

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