Warm up! An enzyme is what kind of macromolecule?

1. Warm up!An enzyme is what kind of macromolecule?

2. Warm up #2 • What do you want to do when you leave high school?

3. Enzymes Proteins that catalyzes chemical reactions for organisms

4. Proteins – a review • What are some functions of proteins? • What is the monomer of a protein? • What is the structure of a protein? • What does –ase mean? (Latin and Greek!) • The order of amino acids is important! Consider this: • Grandma and I ate dinner for my birthday. • And for my birthday dinner I ate grandma.

5. Which graph shows less energy being used? • What lowers the energy needed?

6. Examples of enzymes • Cleaners • Cheesemaking • Proteases, lipases, carbohyrases…

7. Enzymes do what jobs in our bodies? Enzymes are more important than food, water, or air! Why? Without enzymes, you wouldn’t be able to breathe or use the water you drink or food you eat. • Digest our food • Help make new cells • Maintain/repair tissues (skin, bones, muscle, etc)

8. Enzymes as protein robots • Very specific • Do not react with the substrates • Do their job over and over again

9. How do enzymes work?

10. How do Enzymes Work? A substrate(s) fits into the active site on the enzyme. The enzyme lowers the energy required to complete the reaction. The product no longer fits the binding site and is released.

11. Another model • Induced fit model • Active site is reshaped each • Time a molecule binds

12. Each enzyme is specific to a single reaction • Lock and key model

13. Enzyme vocabulary • Enzymes: Protein catalysts found in living things • Catalyst: decreases the energy needed to start a reaction • Reactions: a change in chemical structure • Denature: A change in the shape of an enzyme that makes it useless. The substrate no longer “fits” into the active site. • Specific: Each enzyme does a certain job • Substrate: Each enzyme binds to a specific reactant, or substrate • Active site: Where the substrate fits into the enzyme • Products: What the substrate becomes AFTER it interacts with an enzyme

14. toothpickase • What did your hands represent? • What did the whole toothpick represent? • Where was the active site? • What did the broken toothpick represent?

15. How fast can enzymes work? • Think about toothpickase, what affected how fast the enzyme could work? • Temperature • Competition with inhibitors • Concentration (amount in a certain area) • Of enzyme • Of substrate • pH

16. Competitive Inhibition • What would happen if something else binds with the enzyme? The is competition.

17. Denatured Enzyme • What happens when something changes the shape of the Enzyme? • The substrate no longer “fits” into its’ Active Site. • The “key” is the same, but the “lock” has been changed. • What would this do to your body and its energy?

18. Do enzymes build or Take apart? AND Take Apart Build

19. Properties of enzymes • Made of proteins • Speed up reactions • Are specific • NOT used up during the reaction • Require specific conditions to work • They become denatured when they are at high temperatures or the wrong pH • Reduce the energy needed for a reaction

21. Pair/share Can you describe What is happening Here?

22. True or false? • All enzymes work best at a neutral pH

23. True or false? • The names of all enzymes end in -ase

24. True or false? • Enzymes are packaged and sold in stores

25. True or false? • Brain cells contain enzymes

26. True or false? • Cooked food is made of cells and therefore contains enzymes.

27. TRUE OR FALSE? • The enzymes in cooked food work the same way as enzymes in raw food.

28. True or false • All cells contain the same enzymes

29. True or false • The human body has an estimated 75,000 different enzymes

30. True or false • Enzymes are “used up” during a reaction

31. True or false • Single celled organisms have enzymes

32. True or false Enzymes are living things