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COMPUTER CONCEPTS Vocabulary

Explore essential terms such as cache memory, SDRAM, EIDE, SCSI, VGA, and more in this comprehensive guide to computer components and technologies. Learn about hardware performance tests, input devices, display technologies, and expansion slots.

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COMPUTER CONCEPTS Vocabulary

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  1. COMPUTER CONCEPTSVocabulary Chapter 6 The Computer Marketplace CIS 120

  2. Benchmark test • A set of tests used to measure computer hardware or software performance. CIS 120

  3. Level 1 cache (Ll cache) • Cache memory built into a microprocessor chip. Ll cache can typically be read in one clock cycle. CIS 120

  4. Level 2 cache (L2 cache) • Cache memory that is located in a chip separate from the microprocessor chip. CIS 120

  5. SDRAM • Short for synchronous dynamic RAM, it is a type of RAM that synchronizes itself with the CPU, thus enabling it to run at much higher clock speeds than conventional RAM. CIS 120

  6. Controller • A circuit board in a hard drive that positions the disk and read-write heads to locate data. CIS 120

  7. DMA • Short for direct memory access, DMA refers to specialized circuitry that transfers data between drives and RAM, bypassing the CPU. CIS 120

  8. EIDE • Short for enhanced integrated drive (or device) electronics, EIDE is a disk drive technology formally known as ATA. CIS 120

  9. SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) • An interface standard used for attaching peripheral devices such as disk drives. Pronounced "scuzzy." CIS 120

  10. Ultra ATA • A disk drive technology that is an enhanced version of EIDE. Also referred to as Ultra DMA or Ultra IDE. CIS 120

  11. Touchpad • A touch-sensitive input device that allows the user to control an on-screen pointer by moving the fingertips over the pad's surface. CIS 120

  12. Track point • A small pencil-eraser-shaped device embedded among typing keys that controls an on- screen pointer when the user pushes the track point up, down, left, or right. CIS 120

  13. Trackball • A pointing device consisting of a ball that is rotated in a frame to move a pointer around a computer screen. CIS 120

  14. Wavetable synthesis • A MIDI standard that creates music by playing digitized sound samples of actual instruments. CIS 120

  15. CRT (cathode ray tube) • A display technology that uses a large vacuum tube, similar to that used in television sets. Although CRT technically refers to the vacuum tube, it is often used to refer to the entire monitor. CIS 120

  16. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) • A type of flat panel computer screen, typically found on notebook computers. CIS 120

  17. Viewable image size (vis) • A measurement of the maximum image size that can be displayed on a monitor screen. CIS 120

  18. Dot pitch • The diagonal distance between colored dots on a display screen. Measured in millimeters, dot pitch helps to determine the quality of an image displayed on a monitor. CIS 120

  19. Maximum resolution • The maximum number of pixels a monitor can display, measured in number of horizontal pixels x number of vertical pixels. CIS 120

  20. Accelerated graphics card • A type of graphics card that contains special circuitry to increase the speed at which graphics can be displayed. CIS 120

  21. Active matrix screen • A type of LCD technology that produces a clear, sharp image because each pixel is controlled by its own transistor. CIS 120

  22. Color depth • The number of bits that determines the range of possible colors that can be assigned to each pixel. For example, an 8-bit color depth can create 256 colors. CIS 120

  23. Passive matrix screen • A display found on older notebook computers that relies on timing to ensure that the liquid crystal cells are illuminated. CIS 120

  24. SVGA (Super Video Graphics Array) • SVGA typically refers to 800 x 600 resolution. CIS 120

  25. Video memory • Memory chips located on a graphics card that store images as they are processed. More video memory allows a computer to display images at higher resolutions and color depth. CIS 120

  26. XGA (Extended Graphics Array) • XGA usually refers to 1024 x 768 resolution. CIS 120

  27. External bay • An opening in the computer case that allows the user to install a device, such as a floppy disk drive, that must be accessed from out- side the case. CIS 120

  28. Internal bay • A location inside the system unit case where devices that do not need to be accessed from outside the case can be installed. CIS 120

  29. PCMCIA card • A small credit card-sized circuit board used to connect a modem, memory, network card, or storage device to a notebook computer. CIS 120

  30. PCMCIA slot • A PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card International Association) slot is an external expansion slot typically found on note- book computers. CIS 120

  31. Part replicator • A device that connects to a note- book computer, by means of a bus connector plug, and contains a duplicate of the notebook computer's ports for connecting devices such as an external monitor, mouse, or keyboard. CIS 120

  32. Hot swap • Switching batteries or other plug-in devices while the computer is on. CIS 120

  33. Dpi • Dpi refers to the resolution of an image. Images with more dots per inch (dpi) appear more realistic than images with fewer dots per inch. CIS 120

  34. Duty cycle • The amount of output that can be expected from a printer, typically measured in pages per month. CIS 120

  35. Ink jet printer • A non-impact printer that creates characters or graphics by spraying liquid ink onto paper or other media. CIS 120

  36. Laser printer • A printer that uses laser-based technology, similar to that used by photocopiers, to produce text and graphics. CIS 120

  37. PostScript • A printer language, developed by Adobe Systems, which uses a special set of commands to control page layout, fonts, and graphics. CIS 120

  38. Printer Control Language (PCL) • The unofficial standard language used to send page formatting instructions from a PC to a laser or ink jet printer. CIS 120

  39. Dot matrix printer • A printer that creates characters and graphics by striking an inked ribbon with small wires called pins, generating a fine pattern of dots. CIS 120

  40. Multifunction printer • An output device that combines printing capability with other functions, such as scanning, faxing, copying, and answering machine. CIS 120

  41. Computer industry • The corporations and individuals that supply goods and services to people and organizations that use computers. CIS 120

  42. Vaporware • Software that is announced but not produced. CIS 120

  43. Alpha test • One of the first phases of software testing, usually conducted by the software publisher's in-house testing team. CIS 120

  44. Beta test • A testing phase near the and of the software development process in which a software product is tested in real-world computer environments, often by and-users. CIS 120

  45. Revision • An updated form (indicated by x) of a software program, incorporating minor enhancements and eliminating bugs found in the most recent version. CIS 120

  46. Software publisher • A company that produces computer software. CIS 120

  47. Version • A new or totally redesigned product (for example, in the identifying number 6.1, the 6 is the version number). CIS 120

  48. Competitive upgrade • A special price offered to consumers who switch from one company's software product to the new version of a competitor's product. CIS 120

  49. Street price • The average discounted price of a product. CIS 120

  50. Version upgrade price • A special price for a new version of a software package, offered to owners of an earlier version. CIS 120

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