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LEDs - the future? The Museum Space of the Future V&A Museum 9th December 2010. LED: The future?. Introduction. • part 1 - who is dha design? • part 2 - what are LEDs? • part 3 - what can we use LEDs for? • part 4 - whither the future?. LED: The future?. part 1 - who is dha design?.
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LEDs - the future? The Museum Space of the Future V&A Museum 9th December 2010
LED: The future? Introduction • part 1 - who is dha design? • part 2 - what are LEDs? • part 3 - what can we use LEDs for? • part 4 - whither the future?
LED: The future? part 1 - who is dha design?
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medieval & renaissance galleries, v&a museum, london richard & judith bollinger jewellery gallery, v&a museum, london hancock, great north museum, newcastle the book of the dead, british museum, london
LED: The future? part 2 - what are LEDs?
• electroluminescence discovered in 1907 • first infra-red LED developed in 1961 • first visible (red) LED developed in 1962. • until 1968, LEDs cost upward of $200 per unit. • first high-powered blue LED in 1990s. • blue LED can excite phosphor to produce white light. Typical LED replacement lamp - 38 diodes in one package Haitz’s law - light output increases exponentially
• an LED is a semi-conductor device, also referred to as a solid-state device. • when electron meets a hole, a photon is emitted. • colour of light is determined by material. • less wear-and-tear makes devices extremely long-lived. • heat is primary cause of early LED failure. Inner workings of an LED (drawing by S-Kei) Effect on life of Luxeon T2 LED by temperature (graph by Luxeon Inc.)
• an LED cannot make white light, but only a narrow part of spectrum. • we can combine the colour of several LEDs for RGB or additive mixing • or a high-output short wavelength LED to excite a phosphor coating • RGB LEDs can be tuned to give white at the expense of colour stability. • remote phosphor LEDs become physically larger for higher outputs. • high output LEDs need considerable thermal management RGB LEDs combine to produce white light. Remote phosphor LED uses multiple LEDs and a single emission plate to create white light
Xicato - phosphor coated technology 71mm x 15mm optical window plug in connections Xicato XLM Module - up to 2200 lumens at 700mA
• colour rendering - how measured? • what is the lamp life, how is it measured? • how easy is it to replace the LED module? • how can we control the output? • what guarantee will the manufacturer give to produce replacement fixtures in the future? • will the LED module be obsolete in the near future?
LED: The future? part 3 - how can we use LEDs?
LED: The future? project #1 - Medieval & Renaissance Galleries, V&A Museum
LED: The future? project #2 - Extraordinary Heroes, Lord Ashcroft Gallery, Imperial War Museum
LED: The future? project #3 - Atmosphere, Science Museum, London
LED: The future? part 4 - the future of LED?
extract - ‘Guidelines for specification of LED Lighting Products 2010’ (8pp).
extract - ‘LumeLEX 2000 Series Reliability Datasheet IS-0112~’ (13pp.)
• Daily Mail article, 25th October 2010: ‘Seeing the cut price light’. • Ryness Electrical replacement GU10 downlight supplies 340 lumens. • typical 50W dichroic supplies 800 lumens. • replacing standard downlight with suggested lamp would reduce light output by 58% • replacing one lamp would save 86% energy. • however 2.4 new lamps would be needed. • replace halogen with IRC technology & energy saving drops to 52%. • energy saving is only part of the picture • payback time rises to 5 years. Suggested LED lamp for GU10 replacement Typical GU10 filament lamp