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Digitization of Historic Museum Collections of Taiwan Deposited in Foreign Countries

Digitization of Historic Museum Collections of Taiwan Deposited in Foreign Countries. Dr. Chang-Fu, Hsieh National Taiwan university Dr. T.Y. Aleck Yang* National Museum of Natural Science. Bunzo Hayata. Augustine Henry. Arrival in Bankinsing.

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Digitization of Historic Museum Collections of Taiwan Deposited in Foreign Countries

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  1. Digitization of Historic Museum Collections of Taiwan Deposited in Foreign Countries Dr. Chang-Fu, Hsieh National Taiwan university Dr. T.Y. Aleck Yang* National Museum of Natural Science Bunzo Hayata Augustine Henry Arrival in Bankinsing

  2. Digitization of Historic Museum Collections of Taiwan Deposited in Foreign Countries Outline • Introduction • Projectachievements • Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895) • Digitization of plant type specimens deposited in herbaria in Europe • Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1896-1921) • Digitization of plant type specimens deposited in herbaria in Japan

  3. Introduction Main objective To collect contents about Taiwan that had been scattered overseas for many years. These collections include a variety of specimens, ranging from anthropology, botany to zoology, and they provide cultural data and biodiversity information of Taiwan more than 150 years. South Cape in 1882

  4. Introduction Project scheme Institutes involved: Academia Sinica National Museum of Natural Science National Taiwan University There are 7 subprojects under the project.

  5. Introduction What is type specimen? The original specimen from which the description of a new species is made is known as type specimen, which should be preserved forever. Since they are considered permanent reference specimens, types are the most important specimens in a herbarium. Epilobium nankotaizanense

  6. Introduction Type specimen Cunninghamia konishii Hayata, Gard. Chron. III. 43: 194. 1908. Specimen label

  7. Introduction Original publication for the new species Cunninghamia konishii Hayata, Gard. Chron. III. 43: 194. 1908.

  8. Projectachievements Foreign museums and institutions of zoology visited Kyushu University Museum (KUM, Japan) The Hokkaido University Museum (HUM, Japan) Nishinomiya Shell Museum (Japan) Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna (NMW) Hungarian Natural History Museum (HNHM) Deutsche Entomologische Institut (DEI, Germany) The British Museum (UK) Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard University (MCZ, USA) Bernice P. Bishop Museum (USA)

  9. Projectachievements Foreign museums and institutions of zoology visited Naturhistorisches Museum Vienna (NMW) Hungarian Natural History Museum (HNHM)

  10. Projectachievements Foreign herbaria visited The Herbarium of Tokyo University (TI, Japan) Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History (Japan) V. L. Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia) Paris Phanérogamie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle London Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (UK),

  11. Projectachievements Database and website constructions • 1. The digitization of the native vascular plant type specimens includes: over 500 species, 1,080 sheets of important specimens of Orchidaceae in Taiwan and over 1,000 images of specimens and protologue. • 2. A total of 699 pieces of insect specimens are digitized and available online, including 448 type species and 185 synonym, over 3,000 specimen images. • 3. Taiwanese ethnological specimens (No. 151-300) deposited in the British Museum have been digitized and data constructed.

  12. Projectachievements Agreement and memorandum • 1. Agreement between the British Museum and National Taiwan University. • 2. Memorandum of understanding between the Herbarium of the University of Tokyo (TI) and the Research Center for Digital Humanities of National Taiwan University (RCDH).

  13. Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895)

  14. Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895) The first botanical collections from Taiwan (Formosa) were made by Robert Fortune (Scottish botanist). He visited Formosa in 1854 on the American ship "Confucius", and landed in "Tamshuy“ of northern Taiwan. Sidewheel paddle steamer "Confucius", 1852

  15. Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895) Robert Fortunecollected Rice paper plant (Aralia papyrifera) and lily Aralia papyrifera

  16. Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895) Lilium brownii Miellez Lilium formosanum 臺灣百合(1880)

  17. Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895) Charles Wilford (Collector, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) Robert Swinhoe (British consul and naturalist) In June and July 1858 they participated in the circumnavigation of Formosa on board HMS Inflexible, and collected a formidable number of animal and plant specimens. HMS Inflexiblewood paddle sloop (24 May 1845) Swinhoe, R. 1864. Journal of the Royal Geographical Society 34: p. 6

  18. Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895) Sedum formosanum Some of the new species found by Wilford: Tripterygium wilfordii 雷公藤 Cocculus cuneatus鐵牛入石 Sedum formosanum台灣佛甲草 Lysimachia acroadenia 台灣珍珠菜 Ehretia formosana恆春厚殼樹 Helicia formosana 山龍眼 Callicarpa formosana 杜虹花 Gelonium aequorum白樹仔(採自打狗) Asplenium wilfordii威氏鐵角蕨 Wilford’s specimens were deposited at Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Duplicates were distributed to the principal herbaria of Europe (e.g., Bot. Garden, St. Petersb.) Asplenium wilfordii

  19. Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895) Tripterygium wilfordii 雷公藤 Famous Chinese Herbal

  20. Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895) Robert Swinhoe 1856, 1858, 1861-1866 (British vice-consul and consul) Swinhoe was one of the most successful exploring naturalists. British Consulate at Taiwan-fu (Tainan) photographed in 1860s (Pickering :'Pioneering in Formosa')

  21. Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895) Laportea pterostigma Robert Swinhoe published a list of plants in 1863, enumerating 246 species. The specimens were deposited at Kew. Some of the new species found by Swinhoe: Laportea pterostigma Wedd.咬人狗 Sabia swinhoeiHemsl. 台灣清風藤 Rubus swinhoei Hance 斯氏懸鉤子 Boea swinhoei Hance 旋莢木 Ficus swinhoei King 山豬枷

  22. Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895) Takao (Kaohsiung, southern Taiwan) in 1865 (rising to the left is Ape's Hill). One of the main specimen collection areas. 'S S Clover' or Dent & Co's opium receiving ship, 'Ternate', an old Dutch frigate. William A. Pickering, 1865. Pioneering in Formosa.

  23. Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895) Takao (Kaohsiung, southern Taiwan) in 1875, with some Formosan date (Phoenix hanceana Naudin 臺灣海棗).

  24. Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895) Exploration around the Kaohsiung Lagoon during Swinhoe's time. One of the main specimen collection areas.

  25. Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895) Richard Oldham (collector, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) Richard Oldham explored northern Formosa (Tansui and Kelung) in 1864. He collected 600 species and sent all specimens to Kew. Oldham's collections were studied mainly by Hance as well as by Maximowicz. Tamsui in 1874 Some of the new species found by Oldham: Liquidambar formosana 楓香 Rhododendron oldhamii 金毛杜鵑 Bambusa oldhamii Munro 綠竹 Titanotrichum oldhamii 俄氏草 Saurauja oldhamii 水冬瓜 Freycinetia formosana 山林投 Chloranthus oldhamii臺灣及己 Diospyros oldhamii Maxim. 俄氏柿 Scolopia oldhamii 魯花樹 Daphniphyllum glaucescens subsp. oldhamii 奧氏虎皮楠

  26. Digitization of Historic Museum Collections of Taiwan Deposited in Foreign Countries Rhododendron oldhamii 金毛杜鵑 This species was introduced to gardens by Charles Maries who sent seeds to Messrs Veitch in 1878. Plants raised from these seeds were exhibited in London in the spring of 1882.

  27. Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895) Liquidambar formosana 楓香 Formosa Sweetgum A genus of four species.

  28. Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895) 1866

  29. Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895) Augustine Henry (Irish plantsman) In 1892-1895 Dr. Henry made large collections at Takow, Bankinsing and South Cape in 1892-1895. Duplicates to over 2000 numbers have been sent to Kew, comprising about 1000 species in all. Some of the duplicates were distributed to other herbaria in various parts of the world.

  30. Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895) Takao, Bankinsing and South Cape. "Carte de L'ile Formose." 1893. Map. By C. Imbault-Huart, Consul of France.

  31. Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895) Dr. Henry was stationed at Bankinsing (Wanchin) church, 30 miles east of Takow. Arrival in Bankinsing Wanchin church in 1870

  32. Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895) Dr. Henry employed native collectors at the village of Bankinsing. Bankimcheng in 1877

  33. Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895) Wanchin church in 2009

  34. Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895) South Cape (the southernmost Taiwan) has plenty of tropical plants. South Cape in 1882 －

  35. Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895) Specimen collected by Henry at Bankinsing, No. 123

  36. Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895) In 1896 Dr. Henry published a comprehensive list of lowland plants: “A List of Plants from Formosa” containing 1,288 species of flowering plants. Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan 24, supplement (December 1896): 1-118.

  37. Botanical exploration and specimen collections (1854-1895) A List of Plants from Formosa

  38. Digitization of plant type specimens deposited in herbaria in Europe

  39. V. L. Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (LE)

  40. Staff in LE Dr. Dmitry Geltman Dr. Marina Mikhailova Dr. Tatyana Krestovskaya Curator of C. and E. Asia-Alisa Grabovskaya

  41. Entrance and inside of LE

  42. Work

  43. Phanérogamie, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (P)

  44. Staff in P Curator of Herbier historiques－Dr. Gérard Aymonin; Curator of Aisa Area－Dr. Sovanmoly Hul Staff of Type image of Ferns Project－Mr. Vincent

  45. Inside of P

  46. Library

  47. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Princess of Wales Conservatory Palm House Temperate House Alpine House

  48. Herbaria, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K)

  49. Wing A

  50. Wing B

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