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Chapter 19 Reproductive System

Chapter 19 Reproductive System. 8/31/2012 online. Anatomy: Female. Internal structures of female reproductive : Ovaries Uterine tubes Uterus Vagina. Ovaries. Two small, glandular, organs Controls menstrual cycle Contain ova Ovulation -extrusion of an ovum by rupture of a follicle.

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Chapter 19 Reproductive System

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  1. Chapter 19Reproductive System 8/31/2012 online

  2. Anatomy: Female Internal structures of female reproductive: Ovaries Uterine tubes Uterus Vagina

  3. Ovaries • Two small, glandular, organs • Controls menstrual cycle • Contain ova • Ovulation -extrusion of an ovum by rupture of a follicle

  4. Uterus Pear-shaped muscular organ Situated in central part of pelvic cavity Posterior to urinary bladder

  5. Functions of Uterus Receives ovum Serves to house developing fetus Expels fetus during birth Consists of four parts: Fundus Body Isthmus Cervix

  6. Uterine Tubes Also called fallopian tubes Collect ova released by ovaries and convey it to uterine cavity 3 to 5 long

  7. Fetal Development During implantation, fertilized ovum, (zygote) passes into uterine cavity After 2 weeks, embryo appears After 9 weeks, embryo becomes a fetus 7 months

  8. Umbilical cord Connecting cord from the developing fetus to the placenta • Provides passage in for nutrition and removal of waste • Cord is attached to uterus via placenta, implanted in uterine wall

  9. Exam Procedure Pt empties bladder prior to procedure Pt in lithotomy position Speculum inserted into vagina Uterine cannula inserted into cervical canal Contrast is administered after speculum removal

  10. The Vagina Lies posterior to urinary bladder and urethra Muscular structure that connects uterus to outside of body Performs various other functions

  11. Radiographic Procedures Female – not pregnant (not gravid) Hysterosalpingography (HSG) Pelvic pneumonography Vaginography Female – pregnant (gravid) Fetography Pelvimetry Fetal cephalometry Placentagram

  12. Why perform a Hysterosalpingogram? (HSG) Mainly to investigate patency of uterine tubes in pts unable to conceive Determine size, shape, and position of uterus and uterine tubes Delineate lesions such as polyps, submucousal tumors, or fistulas

  13. Hysterosalpingographycont’d Why should procedure should be scheduled within 10 days following onset of menstruation? Endometrium is least congested Least risk of irradiating fertilized ovum

  14. Exam Procedure Pt empties bladder prior to procedure Pt in lithotomy position Speculum inserted into vagina Uterine cannula inserted into cervical canal Contrast is administered after speculum removal

  15. HSG • Shows filling of uterine cavity and bilateral filling of fallopian tube with injection material • Patency determined by visualization of contrast • Fluoroscopy and/or overheads images • Usually AP, obliques, and lateral

  16. Pelvic Pneumonography Replaced by sonography Study of female organs by injection of gas in peritoneal cavity

  17. Vaginography Used to investigate congenital malformations and fistulas Thin barium sulfate or water-soluble iodinated contrast media introduced into vagina

  18. Placentography(now replaced by sonography) Radiography of placenta by injecting radiopaque substance Shows walls of uterus to locate placenta in cases of placenta previa (In most pregnancies, placenta is located at the top or side of uterus. In placenta previa, placenta is located low in tuterus)

  19. Fetography (Now replaced by ultrasound) Demonstrates fetus in utero Detect suspected abnormalities of development or death Determine presentation and position of fetus Determine number of fetuses KUB and lateral

  20. What is “breach presentation”? Baby enters birth canal with buttocks or feet first as opposed to normal head first presentation Breach Normal

  21. Pelvimetry(fetal cephalometry) (Now replaced by Sonography) Metal ruler to measure fetal head’s relationship to pelvic outlet AP and lateral films Colcher –Sussman Method

  22. Pelvimetry

  23. Pelvimetry

  24. Male Reproductive System • External reproductive structures of male • Penis • Scrotum • Structures enclosed by scrotal sac • Testes • Epididymides • Spermatic cords • Part of ductus deferens Bladder

  25. Vasectomy

  26. Radiography of Male Reproductive System

  27. Epididymogram

  28. Vesiculogram

  29. Prostatography Obsolete radiography study of prostate • Replaced by Sonography

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