Diversity Programs

1. Diversity Programs • Oversimplification • Helpful or harmful?

2. The Challenge • To create justice and respect between groups of people and between individuals at a time when global migrations have intensified and new community situations have emerged.

3. Objectives • Address issues of labor market discrimination • Examine the economic and societal impacts of differential treatment • Address views from individual, organizational, and societal levels • Evaluate public policies created to “help” these societal problems

4. Definition of Diversity

5. Changing Demographics of Population By the year 2050 • 52% • 25% • 13% • 8% • 1%

6. Diversity Facts • Minorities now account for _____ for the net growth of the nation’s labor force • Women now comprise _____ of the labor force

7. Facts Continued… • Over the next 20 years the US population will grow by 42 million people • 47% • 22% • 18% • 13%

8. Diversity…Not a new trend • Miami is 2/3 ____________ • San Francisco is 1/3 _____________ • _______________ has minority majority standing

9. Cultural Lenses • Rigid Lenses • Open Lenses • “An individual may assume they understand another person’s culture, but these assumptions are usually what keep the two apart”

10. Development of Multiculturalism • Canadians • Switzerland

11. Why do we need diversity training?

12. Why study diversity? • Increasing immigration patterns • More women in the workforce • Changes in civil rights legislation

13. Does it make a difference? • “Diverse teams are more effective and creative in an increasingly competitive economy” Honoring Diversity in the Workplace • “Development of the future workforce is a critical issue for high tech companies. We must find ways to remain creative and innovative, and diversity of thought is fundamental to creativity.”Rich Templeton, Texas Instruments

14. Questions to address • Why has the composition of the labor force been changing so rapidly? • What are the major diversity issues? • How can we deal with these issues on a professional level?

15. Examining the Intersection of Gender and Work Powell ix-xx

16. Women and Work • Labor Force participation of women has been expanding over the last several decades. • 1970 study

17. Female Labor Force Participation Rates • Definition: • ________ in the 1970s • ________ in 1998 • Male labor force participation rates decreased from _________ during that same period. • Why the change? Are men getting lazy???

18. Women are becoming more numerous in what used to be labeled “male jobs” Examples… How does this impact society?

19. The “Female Occupation Formula” • Occupations which employ _______ women almost always have in common certain characteristics that women seem to find desirable

20. What are these characteristics??

21. Women may be in “male jobs” but their wages are less then a comparable male’s wage WHY???

22. Discrimination • By employer • By other employees • By the customer

23. Why women’s wages are less cont.

24. Sex vs. Gender

25. Sex and Gender is not the whole story • Also must include • Adds serious complications

26. Gender typecasts occupations • Influences ________ • Influences _________ about that job and the person within the job

27. Quarter Overview • Gender’s impact on interviews • Gender’s impact on job evaluations and promotions • Environmental changes due to changes in gender composition • Sexuality in the workplace • Welcome, i.e. relationships • Unwelcome, i.e. sexual harassment • Same sex relationships • Affirmative Action

28. Common Sense about the “Other” (Essed p. 6-13) • Who is the “other”? • What is racism? • What part did racism play in our society in the past? • What part does it play today?

29. Old vs. New Ideology • Old: Not like because • New: Not like because

30. How is racism transmitted?

31. What causes the problems in society? • Prejudice • Discrimination • Segregation

32. Prejudice

33. Two types of Prejudice • Stereotypes • Social distance

34. Discrimination

35. Four types of Discrimination • Individual • Direct Institutional • Statistical • Structural

36. Two ways discrimination can take place • Indirect • Direct

37. Segregation

38. Men & Women’s Roles in Society are Changing • Past

39. Who has the power? • Men and Women do have Physiological and Psychological differences but why are women seen as inferior? • Ernestine Fried (anthropologist) • Other Scientists

40. Men-Women Relationships Through Time Past to present (Blau p 12-29)

41. Hunting and Gathering Societies

42. Horticultural Societies

43. Pastoral Societies

44. Agriculture Societies

45. Industrialization

46. Early “Traditional Family”

47. Early “Traditional Family” Cont. • Woman working was seen by society as:

48. Why would people marry under these circumstances? • Gary Becker’s _________________

49. Comparative Advantage • What is opportunity cost??? • Males – comparative advantage in??? • Females – comparative advantage in???

50. Producing and trading • Two people: Elizabeth and Brian • Each produce two goods: Bread and Apples • Elizabeth  10 loaves of bread and 10 apples • Brian  5 loaves of bread and 15 apples