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Acid and Base Strength

Acid and Base Strength. Pg. 565 - 568. Acid/Base Strength. HA(g) + H 2 O(l)  H 3 O + (aq) + A - (aq) When an acid dissolves in water, a proton is transferred from the acid to the water. The new acid (conjugate acid) can react with the conjugate base

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Acid and Base Strength

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  1. Acid and Base Strength Pg. 565 - 568

  2. Acid/Base Strength HA(g) + H2O(l)  H3O+(aq) + A-(aq) • When an acid dissolves in water, a proton is transferred from the acid to the water. • The new acid (conjugate acid) can react with the conjugate base H3O+ (aq) + A- (aq)  HA (g) + H2O (l) • This reforms the parent acid and water molecule

  3. Acid/Base Strength The reaction can occur in both directions: Forward: HA (g) + H2O(l)  H3O+(aq) + A-(aq) Reverse: H3O+(aq) + A-(aq)  HA (g) + H2O(l) • We can show the overall reaction as such: HA (g) + H2O (l) H3O+ (aq) + A- (aq) • The question is, which one wins?

  4. Acid/Base Strength HA (g) + H2O (l) H3O+ (aq) + A- (aq) • Strong Acid: the acid is completely ionized • HA (g) + H2O (l)  H3O+ (aq) + A- (aq) • Forward reaction dominates • Strong acids have weak conjugate bases • Weak Acid: does not completely ionize • H3O+ (aq) + A- (aq)  HA (g) + H2O (l) • Reverse reaction dominates • Weak acids have strong conjugate bases

  5. Representation of the behavior of acids of different strengths in aqueous solution.

  6. Relationship of acid strength and conjugate base strength for the dissociation reaction.

  7. How can we tell if it is a strong acid? • Check to see conductivity! • Strong acid will have lots of ions, (H+ and Cl-) and conduct well • Weak will have less ions, so it will not conduct as well

  8. Other Types of Acids • Diprotic acid–provides 2 H+ (H2SO4) H2SO4 H+ + HSO4- HSO4- H+ + SO42- • Triprotic acid – provides 3 H+(H3PO4)

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