Historical Understandings of Latin America

1. Historical Understandings of Latin America Mrs. Jennifer Price

2. Warm-Up: Read page 60 in “Georgia Experience” book. Copy and Answer the following. • The __________ civilization lived in central Mexico and ____________ many neighboring people to use in human ______________ to please their gods. • The Aztec were ___________ people who built floating gardens called ________________ to grow crops on Lake Texcoco’s surface.

3. Standard • SS6H1 The student will describe the impact of European contact on Latin America. • a. Describe the encounter and consequences of the conflict between the Spanish and the Aztecs and Incas and the roles of Cortes, Montezuma, Pizarro, and Atahualpa.

4. Essential Question • What roles did Cortez, Montezuma, Pizarro, Atahualpa, and diseases play in the Spanish encounter and conquest of the Aztecs and Incas?

5. Key Questions • How did a small band of conquistadors defeat such large and well established empires? • What impact did diseases brought over by the Spaniards have on the Aztecs and Incas?

6. Think Time! • What comes to mind when you hear the words Aztec Empire? Please write three facts that you know about the Aztecs. If nothing comes to mind, make educated guesses from the material that you know about natives and empires.

7. Aztecs

8. Copy NotesAztecs • Most powerful civilization in Central and Southern Mexico. • Tenochtitlan- capital city - Location provided protection from attacks • Complex and rich society: Mathematics, calendar, farming • People who were conquered by the Aztec were required to pay large taxes and provide people to offer as sacrifices to the Aztec gods. (Polytheistic)

9. Aztec ruler. Unpopular among those he conquered because of taxes and sacrifices. Welcomed Cortes into the city, because he thought he was a god. Gave Cortes gifts of gold. Killed in battle against the Spanish. Montezuma II

10. Hernan Cortes • Conquistador: a Spanish conqueror • Spaniards moved from Caribbean to mainland to set up colonies in which indigenous people used as slaves. • led expedition to Mexico and conquered the Aztecs • All gold and silver in shrines and statues sent to king. • Destroyed Tenochtitlan to build Mexico City. • Advantages: • Native American allies, Cortés had metal weapons, heavy armor, guns, horses—animals never seen before in Americas • Smallpox- disease killed many natives.

11. Closure • Who was the conquistador that conquered the natives of Mexico? • Who was the leader of the natives of Mexico? • What was the capital city of the Aztecs? • What is a conquistador?

12. Warm-Up: Copy and fill in the chart using your Aztec notes.

13. Standard • SS6H1 The student will describe the impact of European contact on Latin America. • a. Describe the encounter and consequences of the conflict between the Spanish and the Aztecs and Incas and the roles of Cortes, Montezuma, Pizarro, and Atahualpa.

14. Essential Question • What roles did Cortez, Montezuma, Pizarro, Atahualpa, and diseases play in the Spanish encounter and conquest of the Aztecs and Incas?

15. Key Questions • How did a small band of conquistadors defeat such large and well established empires? • What impact did diseases brought over by the Spaniards have on the Aztecs and Incas?

16. Video Directions: • During the video, write down at least five new facts that you did not know about the Aztecs.

17. Assignment • Directions for Janus Figure: • On one side of the face you will notice that the name Montezuma II is written. On the other side of the face the name Hernan Cortes is written. On the side that corresponds with the character list at least 5 facts from your notes. Once you finish you may draw and color in the face of the character. Use complete sentences and proper grammar. • On the back of your figure, write a paragraph in which you explain the impact that the European contact had on the Aztecs and the significance of the roles of Montezuma II and Hernan Cortes. You must explain how the Aztecs were conquered. Write a minimum of 7 sentences.

18. Closure • Who conquered the Aztec empire for Spain? • Who was the Aztec ruler when the Spanish arrived? • What disease killed thousands of people in Mexico in 1520? • What capital city did the Spanish build after destroying Tenochtitlan?

19. Warm-Up: Use page 61 in “Georgia Experience”. Copy and Answer the following statements. • There were ____________ people in the Inca civilization. • __________ was the Inca capital.

20. Standard • SS6H1 The student will describe the impact of European contact on Latin America. • a. Describe the encounter and consequences of the conflict between the Spanish and the Aztecs and Incas and the roles of Cortes, Montezuma, Pizarro, and Atahualpa.

21. Essential Question • What roles did Cortez, Montezuma, Pizarro, Atahualpa, and diseases play in the Spanish encounter and conquest of the Aztecs and Incas?

22. Key Questions • How did a small band of conquistadors defeat such large and well established empires? • What impact did diseases brought over by the Spaniards have on the Aztecs and Incas?

23. Incas

24. Incas • Incas lived along the western coast of South America. • Capital was Cusco. • Incas made beautiful gold, silver, and bronze pieces. • Built terraces and a network of roads. They were great in the area of mathematics and farming. • Spoke the language of Quechua that is till spoken today by some natives. • Machu Picchu was a famous city build of massive buildings and roads made of stone. The city is hidden at the top of a mountain (8,000 feet above sea level.)

25. New Ruler Francisco Pizarro • 1532, new ruler, Atahualpa, agreed to meet with Spanish • Pizarro demanded Atahualpa accept Christianity, hand over empire to Spain • Atahualpa refused • Spanish killed Atahualpa, destroyed Inca army, took over empire • Atahualpa was the last Incan ruler… called Sapa Inca (descendent of sun god). • 10 years after conquest of Aztecs, Francisco Pizarro led expedition to Peru • Had heard of fabulous wealth of Inca Empire; hoped to win wealth for himself • Inca Empire already weakened by smallpox; many killed, including emperor • Civil war had also broken out • Pizarro founded the city of Lima and was later killed. The Conquest of Peru

26. Life in the Spanish Empire • With Mexico, Peru, Spain gained control of huge empire in Americas • Spanish king chose officials, viceroys,to govern American holdings • Spanish colonial economy based on gold, silver mining, farming • Spanish drafted Native Americans for labor in mines, on farms Beginnings of Slavery • Disease, mistreatment took toll on native population • Some appalled at treatment • Slave labor soon became common practice in Americas

27. Closure: Answer these questions on your paper. • What is the name of the conquistador that conquered the Incas? • What is the name of the Incan leader that was defeated by the Spanish? • What role did guns and diseases play in the encounter between the Spanish and Natives?

28. Place these words in the table: Montezuma, Hernando Cortez, Francisco Pizarro, Atahualpa

29. Standard • SS6H1 The student will describe the impact of European contact on Latin America. • a. Describe the encounter and consequences of the conflict between the Spanish and the Aztecs and Incas and the roles of Cortes, Montezuma, Pizarro, and Atahualpa.

30. Essential Question • What roles did Cortez, Montezuma, Pizarro, Atahualpa, and diseases play in the Spanish encounter and conquest of the Aztecs and Incas?

31. Key Questions • How did a small band of conquistadors defeat such large and well established empires? • What impact did diseases brought over by the Spaniards have on the Aztecs and Incas?

32. Video Directions: • During the video, write down at least five new facts that you did not know about the Incas.

33. Assignment • Directions for Janus Figure: • On one side of the face you will notice that the name Atahualpa is written. On the other side of the face the name Francisco Pizarro is written. On the side that corresponds with the character list at least 5 facts from your notes. Once you finish you may draw and color in the face of the character. Use complete sentences and proper grammar. • On the back of your figure, write a paragraph in which you explain the impact that the European contact had on the Incas and the significance of the roles of Atahualpa and Francisco Pizarro. You must explain how the Incas were conquered. Write a minimum of 7 sentences.

34. Closure: Number 1-5. Write True or False • The Inca Empire stretched along the western coast of South America. • The capital of the Inca Empire was Machu Picchu. • The Inca used canoes to tend to their chinampas. • Inca runners carried messages over stone roads and rope bridges. • Inca buildings have crumbled because they were not built well.

35. Map Drill

36. Standard • SS6H1 The student will describe the impact of European contact on Latin America. • a. Describe the encounter and consequences of the conflict between the Spanish and the Aztecs and Incas and the roles of Cortes, Montezuma, Pizarro, and Atahualpa.

37. Essential Question • What roles did Cortez, Montezuma, Pizarro, Atahualpa, and diseases play in the Spanish encounter and conquest of the Aztecs and Incas?

38. Key Questions • How did a small band of conquistadors defeat such large and well established empires? • What impact did diseases brought over by the Spaniards have on the Aztecs and Incas?

39. AZTEC VS. INCA

40. Closure: • Who is the ruler of the Aztecs? • Which native group is know for human sacrifice? • Where were the Aztec located? • What is the capital city of the Incas? • Which conquistador conquered the Incas?