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The Great Depression and the New Deal: A Comprehensive Overview

This chapter provides a detailed examination of the Great Depression and the New Deal legislation, with a focus on how it impacted Alabama and the United States. It covers key events, figures, and programs, including Franklin D. Roosevelt, the stock market crash, Herbert Hoover's response, the Election of 1932, FDR's alphabet soup, challenges and controversies, the Dust Bowl, Huey Long, the New Deal changes, Social Security Act of 1935, Roosevelt's landslide victory in 1936, the FDR and the Supreme Court, and social change during the 1930s.

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The Great Depression and the New Deal: A Comprehensive Overview

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  1. Chapter 24 The Great Depression and the New Deal 1929 – 1939

  2. Readings • You must read the chapter. • Divisions: • Pp. 729-742 • 742-754 • 754-763 • Make sure you know the New Deal Legislation and how it affected Alabama and the US.

  3. Franklin Delano Roosevelt

  4. Crash and Depression, 1929-1932

  5. Figure 24.1A: Stock Market Prices in the 1920s

  6. Black Thursday and the Onset of the Depression

  7. Figure 24.1B: Consumer Borrowing in the 1920s

  8. Hoover’s Response • Herbert Hoover Documentary • Hoover's Response Speech • Emergency Committee for Employment • Reconstruction Finance Corporation

  9. Figure 24.2A: The Statistics of Hard Times

  10. Mounting Discontent and Protest • Hoover Valley • Farmers” Holiday Association • Douglas MacArthur • 42nd Parallel • John Dos Passos • The Disinherited • Jack Conroy

  11. Figure 24.2A: The Statistics of Hard Times

  12. Figure 24.2B: The Statistics of Hard Times

  13. The Election of 1932

  14. Map 24.1: The Election of 1932

  15. The New Deal Takes Shape

  16. Roosevelt and his Circle • Rexford G. Tuggle • Adolphe Berle • Eleanor Roosevelt • James Farley • Frances Perkins • Harold Ickes • Henry A. Wallace • Henry Morgenthau

  17. Bankhead in Congress • John Hollis • William Brockman • Speaker of the House • John Hollis II • Walter Will • Tallulah

  18. FDR’s Alphabet Soup WPA men at work

  19. The Hundred Days • TVA • David Lilienthal

  20. Hundred Days Legislation CCCBoys

  21. Justice Hugo Black • Senator from Alabama • One of 9 Roosevelt appointed • Textualism-what do words mean to the common man or a strict interpretation of the law • KKK member in early life • Democrat / Died 1971

  22. Problems and Controversies Plague the New Deal • May 1935 court rules NRA unconstitutional • Dust Bowl of 1930 and continuing • “There goes Oklahoma!” Roosevelt’s Supreme Court *Note Hugo Black on back right. KKK

  23. Map 24.2: The Dust Bowl

  24. The Dust Bowl • Dust Bowl Documentary • Don’t forget to read your excerpts from The Dust Bowl Diary North and South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Colorado, Wyoming, Montana and other states were effected. Southern states experienced erosion until the addition of Kudzu to the landscape.

  25. Figure 24.3: Agriculture During the Great Depression

  26. 1934-1935 Challenges from Right and Left • 1933 Income rose but was still behind 1929. • 1934 Midterm elections proved popularity. • “He’s been all but crowned by the people • Charles Coughlin Father Charles Coughlin Radio Address • Francis Townsend • Influenced creation of • Social Security

  27. Huey Long • Huey Long • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VIMi7fBA6e4&feature=related • Louisiana • Elected 1933 • “Share our wealth!” • “America First Party” 100% tax on income over $1 million and appropriation of fortunes over $5 • million. • Carl Weiss • Assassinated • Earl Long “Blaze” • Ballad of Earl Long • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VIMi7fBA6e4&feature=related

  28. The New Deal Changes Course, 1935-1936 • WPA Works Progress Administration • Federal Writer’s Project • Federal Music Project • Federal Theatre Project • National Youth Administration • Rural Electrification Administration • National Labor Relations Act 1935 Eudora Welty Junior Publicity Agent

  29. Photos of Eudora Welty

  30. National Labor Relations Act • Wagner Act • Guaranteed collective bargaining rights, permitted closed shops, outlawed blacklisting

  31. Social Security Act of 1935End of the 2nd New Deal • Social Security Act 1935 • Stands as the long term legislation of the New Deal • Frances Perkins committee • Mixed benefit package • Pension • Unemployment package • Survivor benefits • Disabled and dependent mothers and children

  32. 1936 Roosevelt Landslide and New Democratic Coalition • South • West (parts) • White Ethnic voters • 12 largest cities • Catholics • Jews • Who filled New Deal jobs?

  33. The New Deal’s End Stage 1937-1939

  34. FDR and the Supreme Court • Archconservatives • 9 old tired men! • Bill • Appoint new justices for each one over 70 • “Ease heavy workload • Court packing

  35. Roosevelt Recession

  36. Final Measure: Growing Opposition • Farm Security Administration (FSA) • 1937 • Created by Congress • Fair Labor Standards Act (1938)

  37. Social Change and Social Action in the 1930’s

  38. Depression’s Psychological and Social Impact

  39. Industrial Workers Unionize • American Federation of Labor (AFL) • Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO) • United Automobile Workers

  40. Figure 24.4: The Growth of Labor Union Membership, 1933–1946

  41. Black and Hispanic AmericansResist Racism and Exploitation • “Don’t Shop Where You Can’t Work!” • Scottsboro Boys • http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=rIkBFFZeNVM • Indian Reorganization Act

  42. The American Culture Scene in the 1930’s

  43. Avenues of Escape: Radio and the Movies • Gone with the Wind 1939 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=79eIUM4w0PU&feature=related • Mr. Smith Goes to Washington 1937 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=0pwjGWUrlHM • The Little Colonel (1935) Shirley Temple • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7_FOPPJcJ24 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o-DueyLco8s&feature=endscreen&NR=1

  44. The Later 1930’s: Opposing Fascism Reaffirming Traditional Values • Popular Front • Joseph Stalin • Adolf Hitler • Spanish Civil War • Benito Mussolini

  45. Steinbeck, Hemingway, Wilder • For Whom the Bell Tolls • The Grapes of Wrath • Our Town

  46. Streamlining and the World’s Fair: Corporate America’s Utopian Vision • “The World of Tomorrow” • 1939 World’s Fair • Orson Wells • “War of the Worlds” • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xs0K4ApWl4g

  47. FDR • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KUnihvqYBVw • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=amNpxQANk0M • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WpEdYp1Nn-k&feature=related • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3nuElu-ipTQ • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SUZGkNAUSvY&feature=related • Eleanor Roosevelt Speech • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6P15knTJ0pQ • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9yzakVOdh6k&feature=related

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