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Effects and Non-effects of Childhood Experiences of Family Violence on Adult Partner Violence

Effects and Non-effects of Childhood Experiences of Family Violence on Adult Partner Violence. NCFR—November, 2004 Michael P. Johnson Alison Cares Penn State. Photos from Donna Ferrato, Living with the Enemy. What Are the Effects? Mixed Opinions.

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Effects and Non-effects of Childhood Experiences of Family Violence on Adult Partner Violence

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  1. Effects and Non-effects of Childhood Experiences of Family Violence on Adult Partner Violence NCFR—November, 2004 Michael P. Johnson Alison Cares Penn State Photos from Donna Ferrato, Living with the Enemy.

  2. What Are the Effects? Mixed Opinions • “…the most widely accepted risk marker for the occurrence of partner violence” (Kantor & Jasinski, 1998) • Metaphors of “intergenerational transmission” & “cycle of violence” • JMF decade review refers to non-transmission (Johnson & Ferraro, 2000) • Mixed findings of meta-analysis (Stith et al., 2000) • Average effect sizes quite small (.10) • Larger effects for agency samples (.30)

  3. Core Research Question Are the effects of childhood experiences of family violence different for different types of adult partner violence?

  4. Types of Intimate Partner Violence Intimate Terrorism Power and control Violent Resistance Resisting the intimate terrorist Situational Couple Violence Escalation of situational conflict Mutual Violent Control Two intimate terrorists

  5. Hypothesized Effects of Childhood Experiences on Adult Partner Violence • Strong effects only for intimate terrorism • IT is a function of general orientations • VR is a response to partner violence • SCV is a reaction to immediate situation • Strong effects only for men • Successful same-sex model • Reinforced by patriarchal social context • Strong effects only for parental partner violence • Similarity to adult behavior

  6. Sample • Pittsburgh, 1978 (Frieze, 1983) • Married women from shelters and courts, matched with married women living on the same block • Face-to-face interviews with wives (n=272) • Data on self and husband, reported by wives • Lots of missing data on husbands’ childhoods

  7. Measures • Types created from data regarding both partners’ violence and non-violent control behaviors • Violence: Has he ever actually slapped or pushed you or used other physical force with you? • Control scale: 11 items; alphas = .76, .45; dichotomized on basis of cluster analysis • Childhood parental partner violence • Single item: Was there ever any physical violence between his parents that you know of? • Childhood parent-child violence • Scale: 4 items; alphas = .82, .76

  8. Gender Symmetry/Asymmetryby Type of Violence(Violent husbands and wives only)

  9. Effects of Parent-Child Violence on Adult Partner Violence(Odds ratios from full model)

  10. Effects of Parental Partner Violence on Adult Partner Violence(Odds ratios from full model)

  11. We make big mistakes if we don’t make big distinctions. Different types of partner violence have… • Different causes, including gender and childhood experiences of family violence Other research shows that they also have: • Different developmental trajectories • Different effects • Different types of successful intervention strategies

  12. Support Your Local Shelter Safety Support Information Advocacy Philadelphia, PA

  13. Intimate Terrorism/Domestic Violence Adapted from Pence & Paymar, 1993

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