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Problems:

Problems:. Foreign & Domestic. African Pirates. American merchant ships attacked off the coast of North Africa Jefferson passed a law requiring all ships to be escorted through the Mediterranean Sea by the American Navy

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Problems:

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  1. Problems: Foreign & Domestic

  2. African Pirates • American merchant ships attacked off the coast of North Africa • Jefferson passed a law requiring all ships to be escorted through the Mediterranean Sea by the American Navy • Americans advised tokeep friendships with nations but avoid their entanglements foreign nations • Who first had this idea? • Difficult for Americans to stay out of foreign affairs when involved so heavily with overseas trade

  3. Fighting with Britain & France • Britain & France still at war in 1804 • American ships had neutral rights & traded with both countries • France seized & searched ships trading with Britain • Britain blocked French coasts • Britain impressed American sailors to work on British ships • British attacked an American ship, Chesapeake, in 1807 • Many demanded war • ( War Hawks) HMS Leopard, attacked the Chesapeake

  4. Impacting Trade • Jefferson did not push for war • “Peaceable coercion” was his terminology • Congress passed the Embargo Act • American ships not allowed to trade to European nations • The act was a disaster • American farmers and merchants lost important markets for their products • Lost income • Many violated the embargo • Congress eventually repealed it

  5. War Fever • President Madison saw Britain as the greater threat • Interfered with shipping, impressed sailors, and resisted in the west • 1801-1810 : white settlers attacked American Indian lands in the west • Natives renewed trading relationships with British in Canada • 1811 – General William Henry Harrison attacked American Indians @ Prophetstown & proclaim a victory in the Battle of Tippecanoe • Tecumseh (Indian leader) joined forces with the British

  6. Declaration of War • War Hawks pushed the president to ask for a declaration of war with Britain • Led by Henry Clay of Kentucky & John C. Calhoun of S. Carolina • Their nationalism led to a new patriotism not seen since the Revolution • Many wanted British aid to Natives to be stopped • Others wanted war because of what happened at sea • June 1, 1812 – President James Madison asked Congress for declaration of war • Congress agreed • First time U.S. declared war on a foreign nation

  7. Important Dates Naval Forces of the War of 1812

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