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Unit 1

Unit 1. Study. The study of body structure is ___________. Anatomy The study of body function is ___________. Physiology. Types of Anatomy. Study of body considering organization by areas. (Used by medical & dental schools) Regional Anatomy

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Unit 1

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  1. Unit 1 Study

  2. The study of body structure is ___________. • Anatomy • The study of body function is ___________. • Physiology

  3. Types of Anatomy • Study of body considering organization by areas. (Used by medical & dental schools) • Regional Anatomy • Study of body organization by system. (This is how we will study) • Systemic Anatomy • Study of external features to serve as landmarks to locate deeper structures. • Surface Anatomy

  4. X-rays, ultrasound, MRI are examples of: • Anatomic imaging • System that consists of glands & works to regulate body functions • Endocrine

  5. Body Systems • Which organ system(s) involved in transporting or exchanging gases in the body? • Endocrine • Cardiovascular • Respiratory • Urinary

  6. Body Systems • System that consists of skin, nails, hair, etc. • Integumentary • System that maintains tissue fluid balance, filters foreign material from blood, and fights disease • Lymphatic • System that provides support for the body • Skeletal

  7. Levels of Organization • Put these in order: • Cell, organ, organelle, organ system, organism, chemical, tissue

  8. Basic unit of all living things: • Cell • A group of similar cells working together • Tissues • Negative feedback is important for maintaining what? • Homeostasis

  9. Example of positive feedback: • Chronic hypertension • Know anatomic position: • Which way does the individual face? • Standing, sitting, or lying down? • Which way are palms facing?

  10. Revisit directional terms: • Superior/Inferior • Anterior/Posterior • Dorsal/Ventral • Lateral/Medial • Deep/Surface • Distal/Proximal • Cephalic/Caudal

  11. A cut across the long axis of an organ at an angle other than a right angle: • Oblique • The trunk of the body consists of (3 parts): • Thorax • Abdomen • Pelvis

  12. Which abdominal quadrant would the pain of appendicitis be felt? • Lower right • The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by: • Diaphragm • In which cavity would the bladder & reproductive organs be found? • Pelvic

  13. The mediastinum: • Divides thoracic cavity in two parts • Contains the heart • What is the function of the fluid found between serous membranes? • Reduce friction

  14. Mesentaries – • Double layered serous membranes • Anchor some organs to body wall • Are not connected to retroperitoneal organs • Are continuous with parietal & visceral peritoneum • (all of these!!)

  15. The pericardial cavity contains: • Pericardial fluid • Heart • The kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, & bladder are called what type of organs? • Retroperitoneal

  16. Organelles & Functions • Nucleus • Control center/brain of cell • Nucleolus • Makes ribosomes • Golgi Apparatus • Packaging center of cell • Smooth ER • Lipid synthesis

  17. Organelles & Functions • Mitochondria • Powerhouse – converts food to usable energy (ATP) • Ribosomes • Makes proteins • Lysosomes • Contains digestive enzymes • Plasma Membrane • Made of phospholipid bilayer, selectively permeable

  18. Rough ER • Has ribosomes attached to it • Cytoplasm • Gel-like substance in which organelles suspended

  19. What type of cells would likely have a large number of mitochondria? Why? • Muscle Cells (energy needed for movement) • In humans, what is the normal number of chromosomes in body cells (somatic or autosomes)? • 46 • In human sex cells (gametes – egg & sperm)? • 23

  20. Phases of cell cycle – in order: • Interphase • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase • Cytokinesis

  21. Mitosis • Chromosomes line up at center of cell: • Metaphase • Period between cell division • Interphase • Chromosomes begin to unravel & resemble material from interphase • Telophase • Spindle fibers form, nuclear envelope breaks down • Prophase • Chromosomes are pulled apart at centromere • Anaphase

  22. All cells in the adult human body: • Develop from a single fertilized egg • All contain identical DNA • Differentiation occurs during when: • Some portions of DNA are inactive and others active

  23. Crossing over takes place in which phase of meiosis? • Prophase I • Meiosis results in how many & what type of cells? • four Haploid (n) cells • Mitosis results in how many & what type of cells? • two Diploid (2n) cells

  24. Make sure to study: • Cavities (what they contain or how divided): • Thoracic • Abdominal • Pelvic • Pericardial • Pleural

  25. Study – Planes of section: • Frontal Section • Saggital Section • Midsaggital • Parasaggital • Longitudinal • Transverse • Oblique

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