Welcome to the WeBS Retreat

1. Welcome to the WeBS Retreat David Culler Computer Science Division U.C. Berkeley Intel Research @ Berkeley www.cs.berkeley.edu/~culler

2. Outline • What retreats are about • Introductions • Webs Technology Push • Webs application opportunities • Where we are now • Research Challenges • Overview of the Agenda WEBS Retreat

3. What retreats are about • 6 month project checkpoint • milestones, accomplishments, shortfalls • course correction • Students refine communication and investigation skills • interested benign audience, lots of feedback • In depth exchange with industrial collaborators • discussion and feedback • close with feedback session • Build team and cement connections WEBS Retreat

4. Introductions • the start of a 3-day discussion... WEBS Retreat

5. mixer PLL Technology Push • CMOS advance not just Moore’s law • miniaturization, lower cost, lower power, complete systems • MEMS bringing rich array of cheap, tiny sensors • tiny actuators too • Communication • low-power radios, optical, ... • Power • Solar, vibrational, parasitic, ... • => microscopic Processing, Storage, Communication and interaction with the physical world • Can foresee computational fabrics, materials, jewelry, clothing, insects, dust LNA WEBS Retreat

6. Application Pull • Dense instrumentation in space and time • environmental monitoring and management • life sciences revolution • emergency analysis and response • surveillance and security • In situ monitoring and management • condition-based maintenance • Ubiquitous computing environments • infer intent from observed action & context, reactive environment • Robotic swarms WEBS Retreat

7. Bridging the Technology-Application Gap • Power-aware, communication-centric node architecture • Tiny Operating System for Range of Highly-Constrained Application-specific environments • Network Architecture for vast, self-organized collections • Programming Environments for aggregate applications in a noisy world • Distributed Middleware Services (time, trigger, routing, allocation) • Techniques for Fine-grain distributed control • Demonstration Applications WEBS Retreat

8. Where do we stand now? WEBS Retreat

9. The de facto platform for sensor nets • Developed a series of wireless sensor devices • TinyOS concurrency framework • Messaging Model • Networking stacks (RF and Serial) • Multihop routing • Several Key components • sensing, logging, data filters, broadcast • Simulation tools WEBS Retreat

10. msg_rec(type, data) msg_send_done) Tiny OS Concepts • Scheduler + Graph of Components • constrained two-level scheduling model: threads + events • Component: • Commands, • Event Handlers • Frame (storage) • Tasks (concurrency) • Constrained Storage Model • frame per component, shared stack, no heap • Very lean multithreading • Efficient Layering Events Commands send_msg(addr, type, data) power(mode) init Messaging Component internal thread Internal State TX_packet(buf) Power(mode) TX_packet_done (success) init RX_packet_done (buffer) WEBS Retreat

11. Application = Graph of Components Route map router sensor appln application Active Messages Serial Packet Radio Packet packet Temp photo SW Example: ad hoc, multi-hop routing of photo sensor readings HW UART Radio byte ADC byte 3450 B code 226 B data clocks RFM bit Graph of cooperating state machines on shared stack WEBS Retreat

12. UCB NEST SensorWeb Blackout Glaser structures CBE BFD BRWC UCLA USC Rutgers winlab Intel Bosch Crossbow U Wash Rutgers UIUC NCSA U Virginia Ohio State UCSD Dartmouth MIT Accenture and soon many more Many Research Groups on board WEBS Retreat

13. Handful of demonstration applications • 29 Palms • Cory Hall network • ½ million packets over 3 weeks • Surge network and environment display • CBE (???) • Glaser Shakes • Granlibakken retreat watcher => need to get greater application focus • more real and long lived • more dynamics • extract architecture and create framework WEBS Retreat

14. Key Experience • Really good at building tinyOS subsystems • non-blocking, split-phase event structures • Internalized the “state of constant change” paradigm • ex: maintain routing tree by constantly rebuilding it • soft state that is always suspect • simple one-way protocols • Operating in the aggregate • Simple mechanisms to accomplish large goals • MAC, ATC • Out of the box on networking abstractions • Low-power listen, wake-up, statistical sampling, weighted aggregation • Understanding of large scale dynamics WEBS Retreat

15. Pushing Scale WEBS Retreat

16. Challenge Application composition services coordination services synthesis services SW platform HW platform Good stated agenda with NEST • Develop sequence of open experimental platforms • basic services (time synch, trigger) • Develop Challenge Application for NEST • FSM high-concurrency programming environment • Infrastructure support • Adversarial simulation • Macroprogramming unstructured aggregates WEBS Retreat

17. New Ideas • Small, flexible, low-cost, low-power, wireless embedded sensor devices • Tiny event-driven, robust, open component OS for NEST devices • - mcast, AM, prune algorithmic primitives • FSM high-concurrency prog. env. • Resilient aggregation • - for security and other noise • Macroprogramming unstructured aggregates • Adversarial Simulation Secure Language-Based Adaptive Service Platform for Large-scale Embedded Sensor Networks David Culler, Eric Brewer, David Wagner Shakar Sastry, Kris Pister UC Berkeley Schedule • Impact • • Enable creation of embedded distributed syst. of unprecedented scale and role • - 1,000s of tiny networked sensors • Enable new classes of applications integrated with physical world • - Greatly simplify creation of distributed systems at extreme scale (HW & SW) • - fine-grained distributed control • • Accelerate prototyping and evaluation of new coord. & synthesis algorithms • • Enable new, robust basis for distributed, embedded software thru platform design & novel tools for simulation and visualization • Drive NW sensor challenge applications lang based optimize & viz log & trace adv. sim chal. app defn final prog. env macro. lang design FSM on OEP1 OEP1 defn OEP1 eval June 02 June 03 June 04 June 05 End June 01 Start OEP2 proto OEP2 platform design OEP2 OEP3 OEP1 10x100 kits OEP3 platform design chal app & evaluation WEBS Retreat OEP2 analysis

18. Wealth of Research Challenges • Large numbers of highly constrained (energy & capability), connected devices • able to be casually deployed in infrastructure (existing or to be created) • imperfect operation and reliability • operating in aggregate • Create a suite of platforms to initiate the cycle of refinement • New family of issues across all the layers application service prog / data model network mgmt / diag / debug algorithm / theory system architecture technology WEBS Retreat

19. Technology Challenges • Ultra low power data paths, ADC, ... • Radio (CMOS passives, SW, UWB) • Optical communication • Sensors & Actuators • near Zero-power ‘listen’ • Basis for ranging & localization • Power harvesting and storage • point of sustainable operation • Integration into everyday devices WEBS Retreat

20. Node Architecture Challenges • General purpose, application specific optimization • Balance and functionality thresholds • Physical vs virtual parallelism • controller, interconnect hierarchy for network embedded dev. • Passive vigilance • Self diagnosis and watch-dog • Subsystem abstractions • Packaging, packaging, packaging... WEBS Retreat

21. Operating System Challenges • Robust, efficient concurrency • in situ, dynamic code • communication primitives & capabilities • scheduling • discovery and configuration • security • programming model • synthesis and optimization • simulation and testing • Security & Privacy WEBS Retreat

22. Networking Challenges • Incorporating place and time • Channel management • coding, MAC, hopping • Connectivity Management & Topology formation • Routing • richness, subprimitives, redundancy • Protocols • Architecture • storage, retransmission, naming/addressing • hierarchy • Multicast / Aggregate operation • Scheduling • Security WEBS Retreat

23. Service Challenges • Discovery • who are you, what do you have, what do you do, where am I? • Recruitment of resources • Time synchronization • Localization • Routing services • Storage Services • Dynamic allocation of resources • Negotiation of roles • Service Architecture WEBS Retreat

24. Distributed Control Challenges • Closed-loop at many levels • network in the feedback loop • observation path • control path • Shift from large centralized analysis to many small points of processing • Distributed constraint solving • Phase-transition characteristics WEBS Retreat

25. Programming Challenges • Analysis and synthesis of robust event-driven structures • Optimization for power, jitter, delay bounds • In network programming and code management • Nodal programming model • Programming unstructured aggregates WEBS Retreat

26. Application Challenges • It’s all about data • infrastructure data vs in-network data • deep connections between queries and content-based routing • compression vs robustness • Data models for truly long-running queries • when you don’t have much storage and BW, ... • Cooperative processing • multimodal and multi-lateration • Everything has error terms • What are the right higher-level abstractions • Privacy WEBS Retreat

27. Algorithms • Classic distributed alg’s face tiny nodes and highly dynamic network structure • power constrained • Localization • Scheduling • Fine-Grain Inverse problems • Imaging • Constructive foundations of self-organization • Understanding how an extreme system is behaving and what is its envelope • adversarial simulation WEBS Retreat

28. Overview of Agenda (monday) • Introductions (Culler chair) • Overview of the Project (David Culler) • Closing the loop - Control and Applications (Shankar Sastry) • NEST MICA Platform architecture (Jason Hill) • Dinner • Demo presentations (Brewer chair) • Building-wide monitoring of environment and things (Robert Szewczyk, Anind Dey) • Cheap robots & Smart Dust (Mike Scott & Sarah Bergbreiter) • ROBOMOTE (Gaurav Sukhatme, USC) • Play WEBS Retreat

29. Overview of Agenda (Tuesday) • Sensor Processing and Simulation (Sastry chair) • NEST Sensor platform (Alec Woo) • Localization (Kamin Whitehouse) • Visualization and Simulation (Phil Levis) • Breakout Session - Breakthough Opportunities and Challenges • Radical new applications • Key Algorithmic / Theoretical Problems • Novel networking / Systems Design • 12:00 - 4:00 Lunch Recreation and Team Building • Networking and Applications (Pister Chair) • Net dynamics (Deepak Ganesan) • Mote geocast (Joe Polastre& Rachael Rubin) • Tracking (Bruno & Luca) • Security, crypto, beaconing (Adrian Perrig) - key distr, auth • Dinner • Panel: Applications of Networked Embedded Systems Technology (Wagner chair) • Falk Herman, Bosch • Lakshman, Intel - Ubiquitous Office Environments • Kris Pister, Structures, Fire, and all that • Alan Mainwaring, Intel - What the field biologists want WEBS Retreat

30. Overview of Agenda (Wednesday) • 8:30 - 9:30 Open Mic • 9:30 - 10:00 Break to check out • 10:00 - 11:00 Report from Breakouts • 11:00 12:00 Visitor feedback WEBS Retreat